Based on experimental studies\cite{werner96,werner97,eichhorn99,lindner99_2,koegler03} it is assumed that incorporated C atoms form C-Si dimers (dumbbells) on regular Si lattice sites.\r
The highly mobile C interstitials agglomerate into large clusters followed by the formation of incoherent 3C-SiC nanocrystallites once a critical size of the cluster is reached.\r
In contrast, investigations of the precipitation in strained Si$_{1-y}$C$_y$/Si heterostructures formed by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)\cite{strane94,guedj98} suggest an initial coherent clustering of substitutional instead of interstitial C followed by a loss of coherency once the increasing strain energy surpasses the interfacial energy of an incoherent 3C-SiC precipitate in c-Si.\r
-These two different mechanisms of precipitation might be determined by the respective method of fabrication.\r
+These two different mechanisms of precipitation might be attributed to the respective method of fabrication.\r
However, in another IBS study Nejim et al. propose a topotactic transformation remaining structure and orientation likewise based on the formation of substitutional C and a concurrent reaction of the excess Si self-interstitials with further implanted C atoms in the initial state\cite{nejim95}.\r
Solving this controversy and understanding the effective underlying processes will enable significant technological progress in 3C-SiC thin film formation driving the superior polytype for potential applications in high-performance electronic device production\cite{wesch96}.\r
\r
Starting from this configuration, an activation energy of only \unit[1.2]{eV} is necessary for the transition into the ground state configuration.\r
The corresponding migration energies and atomic configurations are displayed in Fig.~\ref{fig:036-239}.\r
\begin{figure}\r
-\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{036-239.eps}\r
+\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{036-239.ps}\r
\caption{Migration barrier and structures of the transition of a C$_{\text{i}}$ \hkl[-1 0 0] DB at position 2 (left) into a C$_{\text{i}}$ \hkl[0 -1 0] DB at position 1 (right). An activation energy of \unit[1.2]{eV} is observed.}\r
\label{fig:036-239}\r
\end{figure}\r
The migration barrier and correpsonding structures are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:188-225}.\r
% 188 - 225 transition in progress\r
\begin{figure}\r
-\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{188-225.eps}\r
+\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{188-225.ps}\r
\caption{Migration barrier and structures of the transition of a C$_{\text{i}}$ \hkl[0 -1 0] DB at position 5 (left) into a C$_{\text{i}}$ \hkl[1 0 0] DB at position 1 (right). An activation energy of \unit[?.?]{eV} is observed.}\r
\label{fig:188-225}\r
\end{figure}\r
%Figure~\ref{fig:AB} displays the two configurations and migration barrier for the transition among the two states.\r
\r
% a b\r
+\begin{figure}\r
+\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{026-128.ps}\r
+\caption{Migration barrier and structures of the transition of the initial C$_{\text{i}}$ \hkl[0 0 -1] DB and C$_{\text{s}}$ at position 1 (left) into a C-C \hkl[1 0 0] DB occupying the lattice site at position 1 (right). An activation energy of \unit[0.1]{eV} is observed.}\r
+\label{fig:026-128}\r
+\end{figure}\r
Configuration a is similar to configuration A except that the C$_{\text{s}}$ at position 1 is facing the C DB atom as a next neighbor resulting in the formation of a strong C-C bond and a much more noticeable perturbation of the DB structure.\r
Nevertheless, the C and Si DB atoms remain threefold coordinated.\r
Although the C-C bond exhibiting a distance of \unit[0.15]{nm} close to the distance expected in diamond or graphite should lead to a huge gain in energy, a repulsive interaction with a binding energy of \unit[0.26]{eV} is observed due to compressive strain of the Si DB atom and its top neighbors (\unit[0.230]{nm}/\unit[0.236]{nm}) along with additional tensile strain of the C$_{\text{s}}$ and its three neighboring Si atoms (\unit[0.198-0.209]{nm}/\unit[0.189]{nm}).\r
% mattoni: A favored by 0.2 eV - NO! (again, missing spin polarization?)\r
\r
% mig a-b\r
-% 2 more migs: 051 -> 128 and 026! forgot why ...\r
+% 2 more migs: 051 -> 128 and 026! forgot why ... probably it's about probability of C clustering\r
\r
\subsection{C$_{\text{i}}$ next to V}\r
\r