X-Git-Url: https://hackdaworld.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=moldyn.c;h=c25fed3ae9d4c21587336bc2cf321d0bd96b5bbb;hb=785f05e0c0ddb57428dc71b0a3f7798673799871;hp=ba3c1a30c8c2bd995a2ac2264d9a79984db01015;hpb=706aed2512544b99ff34308fdb673b19ee884ce0;p=physik%2Fposic.git

diff --git a/moldyn.c b/moldyn.c
index ba3c1a3..c25fed3 100644
--- a/moldyn.c
+++ b/moldyn.c
@@ -5,17 +5,232 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include "moldyn.h"
-
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "moldyn.h"
+
+int moldyn_init(t_moldyn *moldyn,int argc,char **argv) {
+
+	memset(moldyn,0,sizeof(t_moldyn));
+
+	rand_init(&(moldyn->random),NULL,1);
+	moldyn->random.status|=RAND_STAT_VERBOSE;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int moldyn_shutdown(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	printf("[moldyn] shutdown\n");
+	moldyn_log_shutdown(moldyn);
+	link_cell_shutdown(moldyn);
+	rand_close(&(moldyn->random));
+	free(moldyn->atom);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_int_alg(t_moldyn *moldyn,u8 algo) {
+
+	switch(algo) {
+		case MOLDYN_INTEGRATE_VERLET:
+			moldyn->integrate=velocity_verlet;
+			break;
+		default:
+			printf("unknown integration algorithm: %02x\n",algo);
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_cutoff(t_moldyn *moldyn,double cutoff) {
+
+	moldyn->cutoff=cutoff;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_temperature(t_moldyn *moldyn,double t_ref) {
+
+	moldyn->t_ref=t_ref;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_pressure(t_moldyn *moldyn,double p_ref) {
+
+	moldyn->p_ref=p_ref;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_pt_scale(t_moldyn *moldyn,u8 ptype,double ptc,u8 ttype,double ttc) {
+
+	moldyn->pt_scale=(ptype|ttype);
+	moldyn->t_tc=ttc;
+	moldyn->p_tc=ptc;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_dim(t_moldyn *moldyn,double x,double y,double z,u8 visualize) {
+
+	moldyn->dim.x=x;
+	moldyn->dim.y=y;
+	moldyn->dim.z=z;
+
+	moldyn->volume=x*y*z;
+
+	if(visualize) {
+		moldyn->vis.dim.x=x;
+		moldyn->vis.dim.y=y;
+		moldyn->vis.dim.z=z;
+	}
+
+	printf("[moldyn] dimensions in A and A^3 respectively:\n");
+	printf("  x: %f\n",moldyn->dim.x);
+	printf("  y: %f\n",moldyn->dim.y);
+	printf("  z: %f\n",moldyn->dim.z);
+	printf("  volume: %f\n",moldyn->volume);
+	printf("  visualize simulation box: %s\n",visualize?"on":"off");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_nn_dist(t_moldyn *moldyn,double dist) {
+
+	moldyn->nnd=dist;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_pbc(t_moldyn *moldyn,u8 x,u8 y,u8 z) {
+
+	if(x)
+		moldyn->status|=MOLDYN_STAT_PBX;
+
+	if(y)
+		moldyn->status|=MOLDYN_STAT_PBY;
+
+	if(z)
+		moldyn->status|=MOLDYN_STAT_PBZ;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_potential1b(t_moldyn *moldyn,pf_func1b func,void *params) {
+
+	moldyn->func1b=func;
+	moldyn->pot1b_params=params;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_potential2b(t_moldyn *moldyn,pf_func2b func,void *params) {
+
+	moldyn->func2b=func;
+	moldyn->pot2b_params=params;
 
-#include "math/math.h"
-#include "init/init.h"
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_potential2b_post(t_moldyn *moldyn,pf_func2b_post func,void *params) {
+
+	moldyn->func2b_post=func;
+	moldyn->pot2b_params=params;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int set_potential3b(t_moldyn *moldyn,pf_func3b func,void *params) {
+
+	moldyn->func3b=func;
+	moldyn->pot3b_params=params;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int moldyn_set_log_dir(t_moldyn *moldyn,char *dir) {
+
+	strncpy(moldyn->vlsdir,dir,127);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+	
+int moldyn_set_log(t_moldyn *moldyn,u8 type,int timer) {
+
+	char filename[128];
+	int ret;
 
+	switch(type) {
+		case LOG_TOTAL_ENERGY:
+			moldyn->ewrite=timer;
+			snprintf(filename,127,"%s/energy",moldyn->vlsdir);
+			moldyn->efd=open(filename,
+			                 O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL,
+			                 S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+			if(moldyn->efd<0) {
+				perror("[moldyn] energy log fd open");
+				return moldyn->efd;
+			}
+			dprintf(moldyn->efd,"# total energy log file\n");
+			break;
+		case LOG_TOTAL_MOMENTUM:
+			moldyn->mwrite=timer;
+			snprintf(filename,127,"%s/momentum",moldyn->vlsdir);
+			moldyn->mfd=open(filename,
+			                 O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL,
+			                 S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+			if(moldyn->mfd<0) {
+				perror("[moldyn] momentum log fd open");
+				return moldyn->mfd;
+			}
+			dprintf(moldyn->efd,"# total momentum log file\n");
+			break;
+		case SAVE_STEP:
+			moldyn->swrite=timer;
+			break;
+		case VISUAL_STEP:
+			moldyn->vwrite=timer;
+			ret=visual_init(&(moldyn->vis),moldyn->vlsdir);
+			if(ret<0) {
+				printf("[moldyn] visual init failure\n");
+				return ret;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			printf("[moldyn] unknown log mechanism: %02x\n",type);
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int moldyn_log_shutdown(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	printf("[moldyn] log shutdown\n");
+	if(moldyn->efd) close(moldyn->efd);
+	if(moldyn->mfd) close(moldyn->mfd);
+	if(&(moldyn->vis)) visual_tini(&(moldyn->vis));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * creating lattice functions
+ */
 
-int create_lattice(unsigned char type,int element,double mass,double lc,
-                   int a,int b,int c,t_atom **atom) {
+int create_lattice(t_moldyn *moldyn,u8 type,double lc,int element,double mass,
+                   u8 attr,u8 bnum,int a,int b,int c) {
 
 	int count;
 	int ret;
@@ -23,11 +238,13 @@ int create_lattice(unsigned char type,int element,double mass,double lc,
 
 	count=a*b*c;
 
+	/* how many atoms do we expect */
 	if(type==FCC) count*=4;
 	if(type==DIAMOND) count*=8;
 
-	*atom=malloc(count*sizeof(t_atom));
-	if(*atom==NULL) {
+	/* allocate space for atoms */
+	moldyn->atom=malloc(count*sizeof(t_atom));
+	if(moldyn->atom==NULL) {
 		perror("malloc (atoms)");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -36,29 +253,1576 @@ int create_lattice(unsigned char type,int element,double mass,double lc,
 
 	switch(type) {
 		case FCC:
-			ret=fcc_init(a,b,c,lc,*atom,&origin);
+			ret=fcc_init(a,b,c,lc,moldyn->atom,&origin);
 			break;
 		case DIAMOND:
-			ret=diamond_init(a,b,c,lc,*atom,&origin);
+			ret=diamond_init(a,b,c,lc,moldyn->atom,&origin);
 			break;
 		default:
-			ret=-1;
 			printf("unknown lattice type (%02x)\n",type);
+			return -1;
 	}
 
 	/* debug */
 	if(ret!=count) {
-		printf("ok, there is something wrong ...\n");
-		printf("calculated -> %d atoms\n",count);
-		printf("created -> %d atoms\n",ret);
+		printf("[moldyn] creating lattice failed\n");
+		printf("  amount of atoms\n");
+		printf("  - expected: %d\n",count);
+		printf("  - created: %d\n",ret);
+		return -1;
 	}
 
+	moldyn->count=count;
+	printf("[moldyn] created lattice with %d atoms\n",count);
+
 	while(count) {
-		(*atom)[count-1].element=element;
-		(*atom)[count-1].mass=mass;
 		count-=1;
+		moldyn->atom[count].element=element;
+		moldyn->atom[count].mass=mass;
+		moldyn->atom[count].attr=attr;
+		moldyn->atom[count].bnum=bnum;
+		check_per_bound(moldyn,&(moldyn->atom[count].r));
 	}
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/* fcc lattice init */
+int fcc_init(int a,int b,int c,double lc,t_atom *atom,t_3dvec *origin) {
+
+	int count;
+	int i,j;
+	t_3dvec o,r,n;
+	t_3dvec basis[3];
+	double help[3];
+	double x,y,z;
+
+	x=a*lc;
+	y=b*lc;
+	z=c*lc;
+
+	if(origin) v3_copy(&o,origin);
+	else v3_zero(&o);
+
+	/* construct the basis */
+	for(i=0;i<3;i++) {
+		for(j=0;j<3;j++) {
+			if(i!=j) help[j]=0.5*lc;
+			else help[j]=.0;
+		}
+		v3_set(&basis[i],help);
+	}
+
+	v3_zero(&r);
+	count=0;
+	
+	/* fill up the room */
+	r.x=o.x;
+	while(r.x<x) {
+		r.y=o.y;
+		while(r.y<y) {
+			r.z=o.z;
+			while(r.z<z) {
+				v3_copy(&(atom[count].r),&r);
+				atom[count].element=1;
+				count+=1;
+				for(i=0;i<3;i++) {
+					v3_add(&n,&r,&basis[i]);
+					if((n.x<x+o.x)&&
+					   (n.y<y+o.y)&&
+					   (n.z<z+o.z)) {
+						v3_copy(&(atom[count].r),&n);
+						count+=1;
+					}
+				}
+				r.z+=lc;	
+			}
+			r.y+=lc;
+		}
+		r.x+=lc;
+	}
+
+	/* coordinate transformation */
+	help[0]=x/2.0;
+	help[1]=y/2.0;
+	help[2]=z/2.0;
+	v3_set(&n,help);
+	for(i=0;i<count;i++)
+		v3_sub(&(atom[i].r),&(atom[i].r),&n);
+		
+	return count;
+}
+
+int diamond_init(int a,int b,int c,double lc,t_atom *atom,t_3dvec *origin) {
+
+	int count;
+	t_3dvec o;
+
+	count=fcc_init(a,b,c,lc,atom,origin);
+
+	o.x=0.25*lc;
+	o.y=0.25*lc;
+	o.z=0.25*lc;
+
+	if(origin) v3_add(&o,&o,origin);
+
+	count+=fcc_init(a,b,c,lc,&atom[count],&o);
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+int add_atom(t_moldyn *moldyn,int element,double mass,u8 bnum,u8 attr,
+             t_3dvec *r,t_3dvec *v) {
+
+	t_atom *atom;
+	void *ptr;
+	int count;
+	
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+	count=++(moldyn->count);
+
+	ptr=realloc(atom,count*sizeof(t_atom));
+	if(!ptr) {
+		perror("[moldyn] realloc (add atom)");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	moldyn->atom=ptr;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+	atom[count-1].r=*r;
+	atom[count-1].v=*v;
+	atom[count-1].element=element;
+	atom[count-1].mass=mass;
+	atom[count-1].bnum=bnum;
+	atom[count-1].attr=attr;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int destroy_atoms(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	if(moldyn->atom) free(moldyn->atom);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int thermal_init(t_moldyn *moldyn,u8 equi_init) {
+
+	/*
+	 * - gaussian distribution of velocities
+	 * - zero total momentum
+	 * - velocity scaling (E = 3/2 N k T), E: kinetic energy
+	 */
+
+	int i;
+	double v,sigma;
+	t_3dvec p_total,delta;
+	t_atom *atom;
+	t_random *random;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+	random=&(moldyn->random);
+
+	/* gaussian distribution of velocities */
+	v3_zero(&p_total);
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->count;i++) {
+		sigma=sqrt(2.0*K_BOLTZMANN*moldyn->t_ref/atom[i].mass);
+		/* x direction */
+		v=sigma*rand_get_gauss(random);
+		atom[i].v.x=v;
+		p_total.x+=atom[i].mass*v;
+		/* y direction */
+		v=sigma*rand_get_gauss(random);
+		atom[i].v.y=v;
+		p_total.y+=atom[i].mass*v;
+		/* z direction */
+		v=sigma*rand_get_gauss(random);
+		atom[i].v.z=v;
+		p_total.z+=atom[i].mass*v;
+	}
+
+	/* zero total momentum */
+	v3_scale(&p_total,&p_total,1.0/moldyn->count);
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->count;i++) {
+		v3_scale(&delta,&p_total,1.0/atom[i].mass);
+		v3_sub(&(atom[i].v),&(atom[i].v),&delta);
+	}
+
+	/* velocity scaling */
+	scale_velocity(moldyn,equi_init);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int scale_velocity(t_moldyn *moldyn,u8 equi_init) {
+
+	int i;
+	double e,scale;
+	t_atom *atom;
+	int count;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+
+	/*
+	 * - velocity scaling (E = 3/2 N k T), E: kinetic energy
+	 */
+
+	/* get kinetic energy / temperature & count involved atoms */
+	e=0.0;
+	count=0;
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->count;i++) {
+		if((equi_init&TRUE)||(atom[i].attr&ATOM_ATTR_HB)) {
+			e+=0.5*atom[i].mass*v3_absolute_square(&(atom[i].v));
+			count+=1;
+		}
+	}
+	if(count!=0) moldyn->t=e/(1.5*count*K_BOLTZMANN);
+	else return 0;	/* no atoms involved in scaling! */
+	
+	/* (temporary) hack for e,t = 0 */
+	if(e==0.0) {
+	moldyn->t=0.0;
+		if(moldyn->t_ref!=0.0) {
+			thermal_init(moldyn,equi_init);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		else
+			return 0; /* no scaling needed */
+	}
+
+
+	/* get scaling factor */
+	scale=moldyn->t_ref/moldyn->t;
+	if(equi_init&TRUE)
+		scale*=2.0;
+	else
+		if(moldyn->pt_scale&T_SCALE_BERENDSEN)
+			scale=1.0+(scale-1.0)/moldyn->t_tc;
+	scale=sqrt(scale);
+
+	/* velocity scaling */
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->count;i++) {
+		if((equi_init&TRUE)||(atom[i].attr&ATOM_ATTR_HB))
+			v3_scale(&(atom[i].v),&(atom[i].v),scale);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int scale_volume(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	t_atom *atom;
+	t_3dvec *dim,*vdim;
+	double virial,scale;
+	t_linkcell *lc;
+	int i;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+	dim=&(moldyn->dim);
+	vdim=&(moldyn->vis.dim);
+	lc=&(moldyn->lc);
+
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->count;i++)
+		virial+=v3_norm(&(atom[i].virial));
+
+printf("%f\n",virial);
+	/* get pressure from virial */
+	moldyn->p=moldyn->count*K_BOLTZMANN*moldyn->t-ONE_THIRD*virial;
+	moldyn->p/=moldyn->volume;
+printf("%f\n",moldyn->p/(ATM));
+
+	/* scale factor */
+	if(moldyn->pt_scale&P_SCALE_BERENDSEN)
+		scale=3*sqrt(1-(moldyn->p_ref-moldyn->p)/moldyn->p_tc);
+	else 
+		/* should actually never be used */
+		scale=pow(moldyn->p/moldyn->p_ref,1.0/3.0);
+
+printf("scale = %f\n",scale);
+	/* actual scaling */
+	dim->x*=scale;
+	dim->y*=scale;
+	dim->z*=scale;
+	if(vdim->x) vdim->x=dim->x;
+	if(vdim->y) vdim->y=dim->y;
+	if(vdim->z) vdim->z=dim->z;
+	moldyn->volume*=(scale*scale*scale);
+
+	/* check whether we need a new linkcell init */
+	if((dim->x/moldyn->cutoff!=lc->nx)||
+	   (dim->y/moldyn->cutoff!=lc->ny)||
+	   (dim->z/moldyn->cutoff!=lc->nx)) {
+		link_cell_shutdown(moldyn);
+		link_cell_init(moldyn);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+}
+
+double get_e_kin(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	int i;
+	t_atom *atom;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+	moldyn->ekin=0.0;
+
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->count;i++)
+		moldyn->ekin+=0.5*atom[i].mass*v3_absolute_square(&(atom[i].v));
+
+	return moldyn->ekin;
+}
+
+double get_e_pot(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	return moldyn->energy;
+}
+
+double update_e_kin(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	return(get_e_kin(moldyn));
+}
+
+double get_total_energy(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	return(moldyn->ekin+moldyn->energy);
+}
+
+t_3dvec get_total_p(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	t_3dvec p,p_total;
+	int i;
+	t_atom *atom;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+
+	v3_zero(&p_total);
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->count;i++) {
+		v3_scale(&p,&(atom[i].v),atom[i].mass);
+		v3_add(&p_total,&p_total,&p);
+	}
+
+	return p_total;
+}
+
+double estimate_time_step(t_moldyn *moldyn,double nn_dist) {
+
+	double tau;
+
+	/* nn_dist is the nearest neighbour distance */
+
+	tau=(0.05*nn_dist*moldyn->atom[0].mass)/sqrt(3.0*K_BOLTZMANN*moldyn->t);
+
+	return tau;	
+}
+
+/*
+ * numerical tricks
+ */
+
+/* linked list / cell method */
+
+int link_cell_init(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	t_linkcell *lc;
+	int i;
+
+	lc=&(moldyn->lc);
+
+	/* partitioning the md cell */
+	lc->nx=moldyn->dim.x/moldyn->cutoff;
+	lc->x=moldyn->dim.x/lc->nx;
+	lc->ny=moldyn->dim.y/moldyn->cutoff;
+	lc->y=moldyn->dim.y/lc->ny;
+	lc->nz=moldyn->dim.z/moldyn->cutoff;
+	lc->z=moldyn->dim.z/lc->nz;
+
+	lc->cells=lc->nx*lc->ny*lc->nz;
+	lc->subcell=malloc(lc->cells*sizeof(t_list));
+
+	printf("[moldyn] initializing linked cells (%d)\n",lc->cells);
+
+	for(i=0;i<lc->cells;i++)
+		list_init_f(&(lc->subcell[i]));
+
+ 	link_cell_update(moldyn);
+	
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int link_cell_update(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	int count,i,j,k;
+	int nx,ny;
+	t_atom *atom;
+	t_linkcell *lc;
+	double x,y,z;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+	lc=&(moldyn->lc);
+
+	nx=lc->nx;
+	ny=lc->ny;
+
+	x=moldyn->dim.x/2;
+	y=moldyn->dim.y/2;
+	z=moldyn->dim.z/2;
+
+	for(i=0;i<lc->cells;i++)
+		list_destroy_f(&(lc->subcell[i]));
+	
+	for(count=0;count<moldyn->count;count++) {
+		i=((atom[count].r.x+(moldyn->dim.x/2))/lc->x);
+		j=((atom[count].r.y+(moldyn->dim.y/2))/lc->y);
+		k=((atom[count].r.z+(moldyn->dim.z/2))/lc->z);
+		list_add_immediate_f(&(moldyn->lc.subcell[i+j*nx+k*nx*ny]),
+		                     &(atom[count]));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int link_cell_neighbour_index(t_moldyn *moldyn,int i,int j,int k,t_list *cell) {
+
+	t_linkcell *lc;
+	int a;
+	int count1,count2;
+	int ci,cj,ck;
+	int nx,ny,nz;
+	int x,y,z;
+	u8 bx,by,bz;
+
+	lc=&(moldyn->lc);
+	nx=lc->nx;
+	ny=lc->ny;
+	nz=lc->nz;
+	count1=1;
+	count2=27;
+	a=nx*ny;
+
+	cell[0]=lc->subcell[i+j*nx+k*a];
+	for(ci=-1;ci<=1;ci++) {
+		bx=0;
+		x=i+ci;
+		if((x<0)||(x>=nx)) {
+			x=(x+nx)%nx;
+			bx=1;
+		}
+		for(cj=-1;cj<=1;cj++) {
+			by=0;
+			y=j+cj;
+			if((y<0)||(y>=ny)) {
+				y=(y+ny)%ny;
+				by=1;
+			}
+			for(ck=-1;ck<=1;ck++) {
+				bz=0;
+				z=k+ck;
+				if((z<0)||(z>=nz)) {
+					z=(z+nz)%nz;
+					bz=1;
+				}
+				if(!(ci|cj|ck)) continue;
+				if(bx|by|bz) {
+					cell[--count2]=lc->subcell[x+y*nx+z*a];
+				}
+				else {
+					cell[count1++]=lc->subcell[x+y*nx+z*a];
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	lc->dnlc=count1;
+
+	return count1;
+}
+
+int link_cell_shutdown(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	int i;
+	t_linkcell *lc;
+
+	lc=&(moldyn->lc);
+
+	for(i=0;i<lc->nx*lc->ny*lc->nz;i++)
+		list_destroy_f(&(moldyn->lc.subcell[i]));
+
+	free(lc->subcell);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int moldyn_add_schedule(t_moldyn *moldyn,int runs,double tau) {
+
+	int count;
+	void *ptr;
+	t_moldyn_schedule *schedule;
+
+	schedule=&(moldyn->schedule);
+	count=++(schedule->content_count);
+
+	ptr=realloc(moldyn->schedule.runs,count*sizeof(int));
+	if(!ptr) {
+		perror("[moldyn] realloc (runs)");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	moldyn->schedule.runs=ptr;
+	moldyn->schedule.runs[count-1]=runs;
+
+	ptr=realloc(schedule->tau,count*sizeof(double));
+	if(!ptr) {
+		perror("[moldyn] realloc (tau)");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	moldyn->schedule.tau=ptr;
+	moldyn->schedule.tau[count-1]=tau;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int moldyn_set_schedule_hook(t_moldyn *moldyn,void *hook,void *hook_params) {
+
+	moldyn->schedule.hook=hook;
+	moldyn->schedule.hook_params=hook_params;
+	
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ *
+ * 'integration of newtons equation' - algorithms
+ *
+ */
+
+/* start the integration */
+
+int moldyn_integrate(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	int i,sched;
+	unsigned int e,m,s,v;
+	t_3dvec p;
+	t_moldyn_schedule *schedule;
+	t_atom *atom;
+	int fd;
+	char dir[128];
+	double ds;
+
+	schedule=&(moldyn->schedule);
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+
+	/* initialize linked cell method */
+	link_cell_init(moldyn);
+
+	/* logging & visualization */
+	e=moldyn->ewrite;
+	m=moldyn->mwrite;
+	s=moldyn->swrite;
+	v=moldyn->vwrite;
+
+	/* sqaure of some variables */
+	moldyn->tau_square=moldyn->tau*moldyn->tau;
+	moldyn->cutoff_square=moldyn->cutoff*moldyn->cutoff;
+
+	/* calculate initial forces */
+	potential_force_calc(moldyn);
+
+	/* some stupid checks before we actually start calculating bullshit */
+	if(moldyn->cutoff>0.5*moldyn->dim.x)
+		printf("[moldyn] warning: cutoff > 0.5 x dim.x\n");
+	if(moldyn->cutoff>0.5*moldyn->dim.y)
+		printf("[moldyn] warning: cutoff > 0.5 x dim.y\n");
+	if(moldyn->cutoff>0.5*moldyn->dim.z)
+		printf("[moldyn] warning: cutoff > 0.5 x dim.z\n");
+	ds=0.5*atom[0].f.x*moldyn->tau_square/atom[0].mass;
+	if(ds>0.05*moldyn->nnd)
+		printf("[moldyn] warning: forces too high / tau too small!\n");
+
+	/* zero absolute time */
+	moldyn->time=0.0;
+
+	/* debugging, ignore */
+	moldyn->debug=0;
+
+	/* executing the schedule */
+	for(sched=0;sched<moldyn->schedule.content_count;sched++) {
+
+		/* setting amount of runs and finite time step size */
+		moldyn->tau=schedule->tau[sched];
+		moldyn->tau_square=moldyn->tau*moldyn->tau;
+		moldyn->time_steps=schedule->runs[sched];
+
+	/* integration according to schedule */
+
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->time_steps;i++) {
+
+		/* integration step */
+		moldyn->integrate(moldyn);
+
+		/* p/t scaling */
+		if(moldyn->pt_scale&(T_SCALE_BERENDSEN|T_SCALE_DIRECT))
+			scale_velocity(moldyn,FALSE);
+		if(moldyn->pt_scale&(P_SCALE_BERENDSEN|P_SCALE_DIRECT))
+			scale_volume(moldyn);
+
+		/* check for log & visualization */
+		if(e) {
+			if(!(i%e))
+				dprintf(moldyn->efd,
+				        "%f %f %f %f\n",
+				        moldyn->time,update_e_kin(moldyn),
+				        moldyn->energy,
+				        get_total_energy(moldyn));
+		}
+		if(m) {
+			if(!(i%m)) {
+				p=get_total_p(moldyn);
+				dprintf(moldyn->mfd,
+				        "%f %f\n",moldyn->time,v3_norm(&p));
+			}
+		}
+		if(s) {
+			if(!(i%s)) {
+				snprintf(dir,128,"%s/s-%07.f.save",
+				         moldyn->vlsdir,moldyn->time);
+				fd=open(dir,O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT);
+				if(fd<0) perror("[moldyn] save fd open");
+				else {
+					write(fd,moldyn,sizeof(t_moldyn));
+					write(fd,moldyn->atom,
+					      moldyn->count*sizeof(t_atom));
+				}
+				close(fd);
+			}	
+		}
+		if(v) {
+			if(!(i%v)) {
+				visual_atoms(&(moldyn->vis),moldyn->time,
+				             moldyn->atom,moldyn->count);
+				printf("\rsched: %d, steps: %d, debug: %d",
+				       sched,i,moldyn->debug);
+				fflush(stdout);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* increase absolute time */
+		moldyn->time+=moldyn->tau;
+
+	}
+
+		/* check for hooks */
+		if(schedule->hook)
+			schedule->hook(moldyn,schedule->hook_params);
+
+		/* get a new info line */
+		printf("\n");
+
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* velocity verlet */
+
+int velocity_verlet(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	int i,count;
+	double tau,tau_square;
+	t_3dvec delta;
+	t_atom *atom;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+	count=moldyn->count;
+	tau=moldyn->tau;
+	tau_square=moldyn->tau_square;
+
+	for(i=0;i<count;i++) {
+		/* new positions */
+		v3_scale(&delta,&(atom[i].v),tau);
+		v3_add(&(atom[i].r),&(atom[i].r),&delta);
+		v3_scale(&delta,&(atom[i].f),0.5*tau_square/atom[i].mass);
+		v3_add(&(atom[i].r),&(atom[i].r),&delta);
+		check_per_bound(moldyn,&(atom[i].r));
+
+		/* velocities */
+		v3_scale(&delta,&(atom[i].f),0.5*tau/atom[i].mass);
+		v3_add(&(atom[i].v),&(atom[i].v),&delta);
+	}
+
+	/* neighbour list update */
+	link_cell_update(moldyn);
+
+	/* forces depending on chosen potential */
+	potential_force_calc(moldyn);
+
+	for(i=0;i<count;i++) {
+		/* again velocities */
+		v3_scale(&delta,&(atom[i].f),0.5*tau/atom[i].mass);
+		v3_add(&(atom[i].v),&(atom[i].v),&delta);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *
+ * potentials & corresponding forces
+ * 
+ */
+
+/* generic potential and force calculation */
+
+int potential_force_calc(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	int i,j,k,count;
+	t_atom *itom,*jtom,*ktom;
+	t_linkcell *lc;
+	t_list neighbour_i[27];
+	t_list neighbour_i2[27];
+	t_list *this,*that;
+	u8 bc_ij,bc_ik;
+	int dnlc;
+
+	count=moldyn->count;
+	itom=moldyn->atom;
+	lc=&(moldyn->lc);
+
+	/* reset energy */
+	moldyn->energy=0.0;
+	
+	/* get energy and force of every atom */
+	for(i=0;i<count;i++) {
+
+		/* reset force */
+		v3_zero(&(itom[i].f));
+
+		/* reset viral of atom i */
+		v3_zero(&(itom[i].virial));
+
+		/* single particle potential/force */
+		if(itom[i].attr&ATOM_ATTR_1BP)
+			moldyn->func1b(moldyn,&(itom[i]));
+
+		if(!(itom[i].attr&(ATOM_ATTR_2BP|ATOM_ATTR_3BP)))
+			continue;
+
+		/* 2 body pair potential/force */
+	
+		link_cell_neighbour_index(moldyn,
+		                          (itom[i].r.x+moldyn->dim.x/2)/lc->x,
+		                          (itom[i].r.y+moldyn->dim.y/2)/lc->y,
+		                          (itom[i].r.z+moldyn->dim.z/2)/lc->z,
+		                          neighbour_i);
+
+		dnlc=lc->dnlc;
+
+		for(j=0;j<27;j++) {
+
+			this=&(neighbour_i[j]);
+			list_reset_f(this);
+
+			if(this->start==NULL)
+				continue;
+
+			bc_ij=(j<dnlc)?0:1;
+
+			do {
+				jtom=this->current->data;
+
+				if(jtom==&(itom[i]))
+					continue;
+
+				if((jtom->attr&ATOM_ATTR_2BP)&
+				   (itom[i].attr&ATOM_ATTR_2BP)) {
+					moldyn->func2b(moldyn,
+					               &(itom[i]),
+					               jtom,
+					               bc_ij);
+				}
+
+				/* 3 body potential/force */
+
+				if(!(itom[i].attr&ATOM_ATTR_3BP)||
+				   !(jtom->attr&ATOM_ATTR_3BP))
+					continue;
+
+				/* copy the neighbour lists */
+				memcpy(neighbour_i2,neighbour_i,
+				       27*sizeof(t_list));
+
+				/* get neighbours of i */
+				for(k=0;k<27;k++) {
+
+					that=&(neighbour_i2[k]);
+					list_reset_f(that);
+					
+					if(that->start==NULL)
+						continue;
+
+					bc_ik=(k<dnlc)?0:1;
+
+					do {
+
+						ktom=that->current->data;
+
+						if(!(ktom->attr&ATOM_ATTR_3BP))
+							continue;
+
+						if(ktom==jtom)
+							continue;
+
+						if(ktom==&(itom[i]))
+							continue;
+
+						moldyn->func3b(moldyn,
+						               &(itom[i]),
+						               jtom,
+						               ktom,
+						               bc_ik|bc_ij);
+
+					} while(list_next_f(that)!=\
+					        L_NO_NEXT_ELEMENT);
+
+				}
+
+				/* 2bp post function */
+				if(moldyn->func2b_post) {
+					moldyn->func2b_post(moldyn,
+					                    &(itom[i]),
+					                    jtom,bc_ij);
+				}
+					
+			} while(list_next_f(this)!=L_NO_NEXT_ELEMENT);
+		
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * periodic boundayr checking
+ */
+
+inline int check_per_bound(t_moldyn *moldyn,t_3dvec *a) {
+	
+	double x,y,z;
+	t_3dvec *dim;
+
+	dim=&(moldyn->dim);
+
+	x=dim->x/2;
+	y=dim->y/2;
+	z=dim->z/2;
+
+	if(moldyn->status&MOLDYN_STAT_PBX) {
+		if(a->x>=x) a->x-=dim->x;
+		else if(-a->x>x) a->x+=dim->x;
+	}
+	if(moldyn->status&MOLDYN_STAT_PBY) {
+		if(a->y>=y) a->y-=dim->y;
+		else if(-a->y>y) a->y+=dim->y;
+	}
+	if(moldyn->status&MOLDYN_STAT_PBZ) {
+		if(a->z>=z) a->z-=dim->z;
+		else if(-a->z>z) a->z+=dim->z;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+        
+
+/*
+ * example potentials
+ */
+
+/* harmonic oscillator potential and force */
+
+int harmonic_oscillator(t_moldyn *moldyn,t_atom *ai,t_atom *aj,u8 bc) {
+
+	t_ho_params *params;
+	t_3dvec force,distance;
+	double d;
+	double sc,equi_dist;
+
+	params=moldyn->pot2b_params;
+	sc=params->spring_constant;
+	equi_dist=params->equilibrium_distance;
+
+	v3_sub(&distance,&(aj->r),&(ai->r));
+	
+	if(bc) check_per_bound(moldyn,&distance);
+	d=v3_norm(&distance);
+	if(d<=moldyn->cutoff) {
+		/* energy is 1/2 (d-d0)^2, but we will add this twice ... */
+		moldyn->energy+=(0.25*sc*(d-equi_dist)*(d-equi_dist));
+		/* f = -grad E; grad r_ij = -1 1/r_ij distance */
+		v3_scale(&force,&distance,sc*(1.0-(equi_dist/d)));
+		v3_add(&(ai->f),&(ai->f),&force);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* lennard jones potential & force for one sort of atoms */
+ 
+int lennard_jones(t_moldyn *moldyn,t_atom *ai,t_atom *aj,u8 bc) {
+
+	t_lj_params *params;
+	t_3dvec force,distance;
+	double d,h1,h2;
+	double eps,sig6,sig12;
+
+	params=moldyn->pot2b_params;
+	eps=params->epsilon4;
+	sig6=params->sigma6;
+	sig12=params->sigma12;
+
+	v3_sub(&distance,&(aj->r),&(ai->r));
+	if(bc) check_per_bound(moldyn,&distance);
+	d=v3_absolute_square(&distance);	/* 1/r^2 */
+	if(d<=moldyn->cutoff_square) {
+		d=1.0/d;			/* 1/r^2 */
+		h2=d*d; 			/* 1/r^4 */
+		h2*=d;	 			/* 1/r^6 */
+		h1=h2*h2; 			/* 1/r^12 */
+		/* energy is eps*..., but we will add this twice ... */
+		moldyn->energy+=0.5*eps*(sig12*h1-sig6*h2);
+		h2*=d;				/* 1/r^8 */
+		h1*=d;				/* 1/r^14 */
+		h2*=6*sig6;
+		h1*=12*sig12;
+		d=+h1-h2;
+		d*=eps;
+		v3_scale(&force,&distance,-1.0*d); /* f = - grad E */
+		v3_add(&(ai->f),&(ai->f),&force);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * tersoff potential & force for 2 sorts of atoms
+ */
+
+/* create mixed terms from parameters and set them */
+int tersoff_mult_complete_params(t_tersoff_mult_params *p) {
+
+	printf("[moldyn] tersoff parameter completion\n");
+	p->Smixed=sqrt(p->S[0]*p->S[1]);
+	p->Rmixed=sqrt(p->R[0]*p->R[1]);
+	p->Amixed=sqrt(p->A[0]*p->A[1]);
+	p->Bmixed=sqrt(p->B[0]*p->B[1]);
+	p->lambda_m=0.5*(p->lambda[0]+p->lambda[1]);
+	p->mu_m=0.5*(p->mu[0]+p->mu[1]);
+
+	printf("[moldyn] tersoff mult parameter info:\n");
+	printf("  S (A)  | %f | %f | %f\n",p->S[0],p->S[1],p->Smixed);
+	printf("  R (A)  | %f | %f | %f\n",p->R[0],p->R[1],p->Rmixed);
+	printf("  A (eV) | %f | %f | %f\n",p->A[0]/EV,p->A[1]/EV,p->Amixed/EV);
+	printf("  B (eV) | %f | %f | %f\n",p->B[0]/EV,p->B[1]/EV,p->Bmixed/EV);
+	printf("  lambda | %f | %f | %f\n",p->lambda[0],p->lambda[1],
+	                                  p->lambda_m);
+	printf("  mu     | %f | %f | %f\n",p->mu[0],p->mu[1],p->mu_m);
+	printf("  beta   | %.10f | %.10f\n",p->beta[0],p->beta[1]);
+	printf("  n      | %f | %f\n",p->n[0],p->n[1]);
+	printf("  c      | %f | %f\n",p->c[0],p->c[1]);
+	printf("  d      | %f | %f\n",p->d[0],p->d[1]);
+	printf("  h      | %f | %f\n",p->h[0],p->h[1]);
+	printf("  chi    | %f \n",p->chi);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* tersoff 1 body part */
+int tersoff_mult_1bp(t_moldyn *moldyn,t_atom *ai) {
+
+	int num;
+	t_tersoff_mult_params *params;
+	t_tersoff_exchange *exchange;
+	
+	num=ai->bnum;
+	params=moldyn->pot1b_params;
+	exchange=&(params->exchange);
+
+	/*
+	 * simple: point constant parameters only depending on atom i to
+	 *         their right values
+	 */
+
+	exchange->beta_i=&(params->beta[num]);
+	exchange->n_i=&(params->n[num]);
+	exchange->c_i=&(params->c[num]);
+	exchange->d_i=&(params->d[num]);
+	exchange->h_i=&(params->h[num]);
+
+	exchange->betaini=pow(*(exchange->beta_i),*(exchange->n_i));
+	exchange->ci2=params->c[num]*params->c[num];
+	exchange->di2=params->d[num]*params->d[num];
+	exchange->ci2di2=exchange->ci2/exchange->di2;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+	
+/* tersoff 2 body part */
+int tersoff_mult_2bp(t_moldyn *moldyn,t_atom *ai,t_atom *aj,u8 bc) {
+
+	t_tersoff_mult_params *params;
+	t_tersoff_exchange *exchange;
+	t_3dvec dist_ij,force;
+	double d_ij;
+	double A,B,R,S,lambda,mu;
+	double f_r,df_r;
+	double f_c,df_c;
+	int num;
+	double s_r;
+	double arg;
+
+	params=moldyn->pot2b_params;
+	num=aj->bnum;
+	exchange=&(params->exchange);
+
+	/* clear 3bp and 2bp post run */
+	exchange->run3bp=0;
+	exchange->run2bp_post=0;
+
+	/* reset S > r > R mark */
+	exchange->d_ij_between_rs=0;
+	
+	/*
+	 * calc of 2bp contribution of V_ij and dV_ij/ji
+	 *
+	 * for Vij and dV_ij we need:
+	 * - f_c_ij, df_c_ij
+	 * - f_r_ij, df_r_ij
+	 *
+	 * for dV_ji we need:
+	 * - f_c_ji = f_c_ij, df_c_ji = df_c_ij
+	 * - f_r_ji = f_r_ij; df_r_ji = df_r_ij
+	 *
+	 */
+
+	/* dist_ij, d_ij */
+	v3_sub(&dist_ij,&(aj->r),&(ai->r));
+	if(bc) check_per_bound(moldyn,&dist_ij);
+	d_ij=v3_norm(&dist_ij);
+
+	/* save for use in 3bp */
+	exchange->d_ij=d_ij;
+	exchange->dist_ij=dist_ij;
+
+	/* constants */
+	if(num==ai->bnum) {
+		S=params->S[num];
+		R=params->R[num];
+		A=params->A[num];
+		B=params->B[num];
+		lambda=params->lambda[num];
+		mu=params->mu[num];
+		exchange->chi=1.0;
+	}
+	else {
+		S=params->Smixed;
+		R=params->Rmixed;
+		A=params->Amixed;
+		B=params->Bmixed;
+		lambda=params->lambda_m;
+		mu=params->mu_m;
+		params->exchange.chi=params->chi;
+	}
+
+	/* if d_ij > S => no force & potential energy contribution */
+	if(d_ij>S)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* more constants */
+	exchange->beta_j=&(params->beta[num]);
+	exchange->n_j=&(params->n[num]);
+	exchange->c_j=&(params->c[num]);
+	exchange->d_j=&(params->d[num]);
+	exchange->h_j=&(params->h[num]);
+	if(num==ai->bnum) {
+		exchange->betajnj=exchange->betaini;
+		exchange->cj2=exchange->ci2;
+		exchange->dj2=exchange->di2;
+		exchange->cj2dj2=exchange->ci2di2;
+	}
+	else {
+		exchange->betajnj=pow(*(exchange->beta_j),*(exchange->n_j));
+		exchange->cj2=params->c[num]*params->c[num];
+		exchange->dj2=params->d[num]*params->d[num];
+		exchange->cj2dj2=exchange->cj2/exchange->dj2;
+	}
+
+	/* f_r_ij = f_r_ji, df_r_ij = df_r_ji */
+	f_r=A*exp(-lambda*d_ij);
+	df_r=lambda*f_r/d_ij;
+
+	/* f_a, df_a calc (again, same for ij and ji) | save for later use! */
+	exchange->f_a=-B*exp(-mu*d_ij);
+	exchange->df_a=mu*exchange->f_a/d_ij;
+
+	/* f_c, df_c calc (again, same for ij and ji) */
+	if(d_ij<R) {
+		/* f_c = 1, df_c = 0 */
+		f_c=1.0;
+		df_c=0.0;
+		/* two body contribution (ij, ji) */
+		v3_scale(&force,&dist_ij,-df_r);
+	}
+	else {
+		s_r=S-R;
+		arg=M_PI*(d_ij-R)/s_r;
+		f_c=0.5+0.5*cos(arg);
+		//df_c=-0.5*sin(arg)*(M_PI/(s_r*d_ij));	/* MARK! */
+		df_c=0.5*sin(arg)*(M_PI/(s_r*d_ij));
+		/* two body contribution (ij, ji) */
+		v3_scale(&force,&dist_ij,-df_c*f_r-df_r*f_c);
+		/* tell 3bp that S > r > R */
+		exchange->d_ij_between_rs=1;
+	}
+
+	/* add forces of 2bp (ij, ji) contribution
+	 * dVij = dVji and we sum up both: no 1/2) */
+	v3_add(&(ai->f),&(ai->f),&force);
+
+	/* energy 2bp contribution (ij, ji) is 0.5 f_r f_c ... */
+	moldyn->energy+=(0.5*f_r*f_c);
+
+	/* save for use in 3bp */
+	exchange->f_c=f_c;
+	exchange->df_c=df_c;
+
+	/* enable the run of 3bp function and 2bp post processing */
+	exchange->run3bp=1;
+	exchange->run2bp_post=1;
+
+	/* reset 3bp sums */
+	exchange->zeta_ij=0.0;
+	exchange->zeta_ji=0.0;
+	v3_zero(&(exchange->dzeta_ij));
+	v3_zero(&(exchange->dzeta_ji));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* tersoff 2 body post part */
+
+int tersoff_mult_post_2bp(t_moldyn *moldyn,t_atom *ai,t_atom *aj,u8 bc) {
+
+	/*
+	 * here we have to allow for the 3bp sums
+	 *
+	 * that is:
+	 * - zeta_ij, dzeta_ij
+	 * - zeta_ji, dzeta_ji
+	 *
+	 * to compute the 3bp contribution to:
+	 * - Vij, dVij
+	 * - dVji
+	 *
+	 */
+
+	t_tersoff_mult_params *params;
+	t_tersoff_exchange *exchange;
+
+	t_3dvec force,temp;
+	t_3dvec *dist_ij;
+	double b,db,tmp;
+	double f_c,df_c,f_a,df_a;
+	double chi,ni,betaini,nj,betajnj;
+	double zeta;
+
+	params=moldyn->pot2b_params;
+	exchange=&(params->exchange);
+
+	/* we do not run if f_c_ij was detected to be 0! */
+	if(!(exchange->run2bp_post))
+		return 0;
+
+	f_c=exchange->f_c;
+	df_c=exchange->df_c;
+	f_a=exchange->f_a;
+	df_a=exchange->df_a;
+	betaini=exchange->betaini;
+	betajnj=exchange->betajnj;
+	ni=*(exchange->n_i);
+	nj=*(exchange->n_j);
+	chi=exchange->chi;
+	dist_ij=&(exchange->dist_ij);
+	
+	/* Vij and dVij */
+	zeta=exchange->zeta_ij;
+	if(zeta==0.0) {
+		moldyn->debug++;		/* just for debugging ... */
+		db=0.0;
+		b=chi;
+		v3_scale(&force,dist_ij,df_a*b*f_c);
+	}
+	else {
+		tmp=betaini*pow(zeta,ni-1.0);		/* beta^n * zeta^n-1 */
+		b=(1+zeta*tmp);				/* 1 + beta^n zeta^n */
+		db=chi*pow(b,-1.0/(2*ni)-1);		/* x(...)^(-1/2n - 1) */
+		b=db*b;					/* b_ij */
+		db*=-0.5*tmp;				/* db_ij */
+		v3_scale(&force,&(exchange->dzeta_ij),f_a*db);
+		v3_scale(&temp,dist_ij,df_a*b);
+		v3_add(&force,&force,&temp);
+		v3_scale(&force,&force,f_c);
+	}
+	v3_scale(&temp,dist_ij,df_c*b*f_a);
+	v3_add(&force,&force,&temp);
+	v3_scale(&force,&force,-0.5);
+
+	/* add force */
+	v3_add(&(ai->f),&(ai->f),&force);
+
+	/* add energy of 3bp sum */
+	moldyn->energy+=(0.5*f_c*b*f_a);
+
+	/* dVji */
+	zeta=exchange->zeta_ji;
+	if(zeta==0.0) {
+		moldyn->debug++;
+		b=chi;
+		v3_scale(&force,dist_ij,df_a*b*f_c);
+	}
+	else {
+		tmp=betajnj*pow(zeta,nj-1.0);		/* beta^n * zeta^n-1 */
+		b=(1+zeta*tmp);				/* 1 + beta^n zeta^n */
+		db=chi*pow(b,-1.0/(2*nj)-1);		/* x(...)^(-1/2n - 1) */
+		b=db*b;					/* b_ij */
+		db*=-0.5*tmp;				/* db_ij */
+		v3_scale(&force,&(exchange->dzeta_ji),f_a*db);
+		v3_scale(&temp,dist_ij,df_a*b);
+		v3_add(&force,&force,&temp);
+		v3_scale(&force,&force,f_c);
+	}
+	v3_scale(&temp,dist_ij,df_c*b*f_a);
+	v3_add(&force,&force,&temp);
+	v3_scale(&force,&force,-0.5);
+
+	/* add force */
+	v3_add(&(ai->f),&(ai->f),&force);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* tersoff 3 body part */
+
+int tersoff_mult_3bp(t_moldyn *moldyn,t_atom *ai,t_atom *aj,t_atom *ak,u8 bc) {
+
+	t_tersoff_mult_params *params;
+	t_tersoff_exchange *exchange;
+	t_3dvec dist_ij,dist_ik,dist_jk;
+	t_3dvec temp1,temp2;
+	t_3dvec *dzeta;
+	double R,S,s_r;
+	double B,mu;
+	double d_ij,d_ik,d_jk;
+	double rr,dd;
+	double f_c,df_c;
+	double f_c_ik,df_c_ik,arg;
+	double f_c_jk;
+	double n,c,d,h;
+	double c2,d2,c2d2;
+	double cos_theta,d_costheta1,d_costheta2;
+	double h_cos,d2_h_cos2;
+	double frac,g,zeta,chi;
+	double tmp;
+	int num;
+
+	params=moldyn->pot3b_params;
+	exchange=&(params->exchange);
+
+	if(!(exchange->run3bp))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * calc of 3bp contribution of V_ij and dV_ij/ji/jk &
+	 * 2bp contribution of dV_jk
+	 *
+	 * for Vij and dV_ij we still need:
+	 * - b_ij, db_ij (zeta_ij)
+	 *   - f_c_ik, df_c_ik, constants_i, cos_theta_ijk, d_costheta_ijk
+	 *
+	 * for dV_ji we still need:
+	 * - b_ji, db_ji (zeta_ji)
+	 *   - f_c_jk, d_c_jk, constants_j, cos_theta_jik, d_costheta_jik
+	 *
+	 * for dV_jk we need:
+	 * - f_c_jk
+	 * - f_a_jk
+	 * - db_jk (zeta_jk)
+	 *   - f_c_ji, df_c_ji, constants_j, cos_theta_jki, d_costheta_jki
+	 *
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * get exchange data 
+	 */
+
+	/* dist_ij, d_ij - this is < S_ij ! */
+	dist_ij=exchange->dist_ij;
+	d_ij=exchange->d_ij;
+
+	/* f_c_ij, df_c_ij (same for ji) */
+	f_c=exchange->f_c;
+	df_c=exchange->df_c;
+
+	/*
+	 * calculate unknown values now ...
+	 */
+
+	/* V_ij and dV_ij stuff (in b_ij there is f_c_ik) */
+
+	/* dist_ik, d_ik */
+	v3_sub(&dist_ik,&(ak->r),&(ai->r));
+	if(bc) check_per_bound(moldyn,&dist_ik);
+	d_ik=v3_norm(&dist_ik);
+
+	/* ik constants */
+	num=ai->bnum;
+	if(num==ak->bnum) {
+		R=params->R[num];
+		S=params->S[num];
+	}
+	else {
+		R=params->Rmixed;
+		S=params->Smixed;
+	}
+
+	/* zeta_ij/dzeta_ij contribution only for d_ik < S */
+	if(d_ik<S) {
+
+		/* get constants_i from exchange data */
+		n=*(exchange->n_i);
+		c=*(exchange->c_i);
+		d=*(exchange->d_i);
+		h=*(exchange->h_i);
+		c2=exchange->ci2;
+		d2=exchange->di2;
+		c2d2=exchange->ci2di2;
+
+		/* cosine of theta_ijk by scalaproduct */
+		rr=v3_scalar_product(&dist_ij,&dist_ik);
+		dd=d_ij*d_ik;
+		cos_theta=rr/dd;
+
+		/* d_costheta */
+		tmp=1.0/dd;
+		d_costheta1=cos_theta/(d_ij*d_ij)-tmp;
+		d_costheta2=cos_theta/(d_ik*d_ik)-tmp;
+
+		/* some usefull values */
+		h_cos=(h-cos_theta);
+		d2_h_cos2=d2+(h_cos*h_cos);
+		frac=c2/(d2_h_cos2);
+
+		/* g(cos_theta) */
+		g=1.0+c2d2-frac;
+
+		/* d_costheta_ij and dg(cos_theta) - needed in any case! */
+		v3_scale(&temp1,&dist_ij,d_costheta1);
+		v3_scale(&temp2,&dist_ik,d_costheta2);
+		v3_add(&temp1,&temp1,&temp2);
+		v3_scale(&temp1,&temp1,-2.0*frac*h_cos/d2_h_cos2); /* dg */
+
+		/* f_c_ik & df_c_ik + {d,}zeta contribution */
+		dzeta=&(exchange->dzeta_ij);
+		if(d_ik<R) {
+			/* {d,}f_c_ik */
+			// => f_c_ik=1.0;
+			// => df_c_ik=0.0; of course we do not set this!
+
+			/* zeta_ij */
+			exchange->zeta_ij+=g;
+
+			/* dzeta_ij */
+			v3_add(dzeta,dzeta,&temp1);
+		}
+		else {
+			/* {d,}f_c_ik */
+			s_r=S-R;
+			arg=M_PI*(d_ik-R)/s_r;
+			f_c_ik=0.5+0.5*cos(arg);
+			//df_c_ik=-0.5*sin(arg)*(M_PI/(s_r*d_ik)); /* MARK */
+			df_c_ik=0.5*sin(arg)*(M_PI/(s_r*d_ik));
+
+			/* zeta_ij */
+			exchange->zeta_ij+=f_c_ik*g;
+
+			/* dzeta_ij */
+			v3_scale(&temp1,&temp1,f_c_ik);
+			v3_scale(&temp2,&dist_ik,g*df_c_ik);
+			v3_add(&temp1,&temp1,&temp2);
+			v3_add(dzeta,dzeta,&temp1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* dV_ji stuff (in b_ji there is f_c_jk) + dV_jk stuff! */
+
+	/* dist_jk, d_jk */
+	v3_sub(&dist_jk,&(ak->r),&(aj->r));
+	if(bc) check_per_bound(moldyn,&dist_jk);
+	d_jk=v3_norm(&dist_jk);
+
+	/* jk constants */
+	num=aj->bnum;
+	if(num==ak->bnum) {
+		R=params->R[num];
+		S=params->S[num];
+		B=params->B[num];
+		mu=params->mu[num];
+		chi=1.0;
+	}
+	else {
+		R=params->Rmixed;
+		S=params->Smixed;
+		B=params->Bmixed;
+		mu=params->mu_m;
+		chi=params->chi;
+	}
+
+	/* zeta_ji/dzeta_ji contribution only for d_jk < S_jk */
+	if(d_jk<S) {
+
+		/* constants_j from exchange data */
+		n=*(exchange->n_j);
+		c=*(exchange->c_j);
+		d=*(exchange->d_j);
+		h=*(exchange->h_j);
+		c2=exchange->cj2;
+		d2=exchange->dj2;
+		c2d2=exchange->cj2dj2;
+
+		/* cosine of theta_jik by scalaproduct */
+		rr=-v3_scalar_product(&dist_ij,&dist_jk); /* -1, as ij -> ji */
+		dd=d_ij*d_jk;
+		cos_theta=rr/dd;
+
+		/* d_costheta */
+		d_costheta1=1.0/dd;
+		d_costheta2=cos_theta/(d_ij*d_ij);
+
+		/* some usefull values */
+		h_cos=(h-cos_theta);
+		d2_h_cos2=d2+(h_cos*h_cos);
+		frac=c2/(d2_h_cos2);
+
+		/* g(cos_theta) */
+		g=1.0+c2d2-frac;
+
+		/* d_costheta_ij and dg(cos_theta) - needed in any case! */
+		v3_scale(&temp1,&dist_jk,d_costheta1);
+		v3_scale(&temp2,&dist_ij,-d_costheta2); /* ji -> ij => -1 */
+		v3_add(&temp1,&temp1,&temp2);
+		v3_scale(&temp1,&temp1,-2.0*frac*h_cos/d2_h_cos2); /* dg */
+
+		/* store dg in temp2 and use it for dVjk later */
+		v3_copy(&temp2,&temp1);
+
+		/* f_c_jk + {d,}zeta contribution (df_c_jk = 0) */
+		dzeta=&(exchange->dzeta_ji);
+		if(d_jk<R) {
+			/* f_c_jk */
+			f_c_jk=1.0;
+
+			/* zeta_ji */
+			exchange->zeta_ji+=g;
+
+			/* dzeta_ji */
+			v3_add(dzeta,dzeta,&temp1);
+		}
+		else {
+			/* f_c_jk */
+			s_r=S-R;
+			arg=M_PI*(d_jk-R)/s_r;
+			f_c_jk=0.5+0.5*cos(arg);
+
+			/* zeta_ji */
+			exchange->zeta_ji+=f_c_jk*g;
+
+			/* dzeta_ji */
+			v3_scale(&temp1,&temp1,f_c_jk);
+			v3_add(dzeta,dzeta,&temp1);
+		}
+
+		/* dV_jk stuff | add force contribution on atom i immediately */
+		if(exchange->d_ij_between_rs) {
+			zeta=f_c*g;
+			v3_scale(&temp1,&temp2,f_c);
+			v3_scale(&temp2,&dist_ij,df_c*g);
+			v3_add(&temp2,&temp2,&temp1); /* -> dzeta_jk in temp2 */
+		}
+		else {
+			zeta=g;
+			// dzeta_jk is simply dg, which is stored in temp2
+		}
+		/* betajnj * zeta_jk ^ nj-1 */
+		tmp=exchange->betajnj*pow(zeta,(n-1.0));
+		tmp=-chi/2.0*pow((1+tmp*zeta),(-1.0/(2.0*n)-1))*tmp;
+		v3_scale(&temp2,&temp2,tmp*B*exp(-mu*d_jk)*f_c_jk*0.5);
+		v3_add(&(ai->f),&(ai->f),&temp2); /* -1 skipped in f_a calc ^ */
+		                                  /* scaled with 0.5 ^ */
+
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * debugging / critical check functions
+ */
+
+int moldyn_bc_check(t_moldyn *moldyn) {
+
+	t_atom *atom;
+	t_3dvec *dim;
+	int i;
+double x;
+u8 byte;
+int j,k;
+
+	atom=moldyn->atom;
+	dim=&(moldyn->dim);
+x=dim->x/2;
+
+	for(i=0;i<moldyn->count;i++) {
+		if(atom[i].r.x>=dim->x/2||-atom[i].r.x>dim->x/2) {
+			printf("FATAL: atom %d: x: %.20f (%.20f)\n",
+			       i,atom[i].r.x,dim->x/2);
+			printf("diagnostic:\n");
+			printf("-----------\natom.r.x:\n");
+			for(j=0;j<8;j++) {
+				memcpy(&byte,(u8 *)(&(atom[i].r.x))+j,1);
+				for(k=0;k<8;k++)
+					printf("%d%c",
+					((byte)&(1<<k))?1:0,
+					(k==7)?'\n':'|');
+			}
+			printf("---------------\nx=dim.x/2:\n");
+			for(j=0;j<8;j++) {
+				memcpy(&byte,(u8 *)(&x)+j,1);
+				for(k=0;k<8;k++)
+					printf("%d%c",
+					((byte)&(1<<k))?1:0,
+					(k==7)?'\n':'|');
+			}
+			if(atom[i].r.x==x) printf("the same!\n");
+			else printf("different!\n");
+		}
+		if(atom[i].r.y>=dim->y/2||-atom[i].r.y>dim->y/2)
+			printf("FATAL: atom %d: y: %.20f (%.20f)\n",
+			       i,atom[i].r.y,dim->y/2);
+		if(atom[i].r.z>=dim->z/2||-atom[i].r.z>dim->z/2)
+			printf("FATAL: atom %d: z: %.20f (%.20f)\n",
+			       i,atom[i].r.z,dim->z/2);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}