computational_physics/cp.tex

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   7 \usepackage{amsmath}
   8 \usepackage{ae}
   9 \usepackage{aecompl}
  10 \usepackage{color}
  11 \usepackage{graphicx}
  12 \graphicspath{{./img/}}
  13 \usepackage{hyperref}
  14
  15 \title{introduction to computational physics}
  16 \subtitle{basic concepts and approaches}
  17 \author{frank zirkelbach}
  18 \email{frank.zirkelbach@physik.uni-augsburg.de}
  19 \institution{experimantal physics {\footnotesize IV} - university of augsburg}
  20
  21 \begin{document}
  22
  23 \maketitle
  24
  25 \overlays{5}{
  26 \begin{slide}{outline}
  27 \begin{itemstep}
  28   \item motivation
  29   \item history of computing hardware/software
  30   \item warning
  31   \item computational techniques
  32   \item summary
  33 \end{itemstep}
  34 \end{slide}}
  35
  36 \overlays{4}{
  37 \begin{slide}{motivation}
  38 \FromSlide{1}{
  39   \begin{center}
  40   \begin{figure}[h]
  41   \includegraphics[width=8cm]{cp_appl_field.eps}
  42   \end{figure}
  43   \end{center}
  44 }
  45 \FromSlide{2}{
  46 challenge:
  47 }
  48 \FromSlide{3}{
  49 \begin{itemize}
  50   \item precise mathematical theory
  51   \item often: solving theory's equations ab-initio is not realistic
  52   \item only a few models can be solved exactly
  53 \end{itemize}}
  54 \FromSlide{4}{
  55 $\Rightarrow$ study and implementation of numerical algorithms
  56 }
  57 \end{slide}}
  58
  59 \overlays{5}{
  60 \begin{slide}{history of computing hardware}
  61   \begin{minipage}[t]{10cm}
  62      \onlySlide*{1}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{abacus.eps} \end{center}}
  63      \onlySlide*{2}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{eniac.eps} \hspace{1cm} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{tube.eps} \end{center}}
  64      \onlySlide*{3}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{z1.eps} \end{center}}
  65      \onlySlide*{4}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{pdp1.eps} \hspace{1pt} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{transistor.eps} \end{center}}
  66      \onlySlide*{5}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{pdp8.eps} \hspace{1cm} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{ic.eps} \end{center}}
  67      %\FromSlide{6}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{} \end{center}}
  68   \end{minipage}
  69   \begin{minipage}[b]{10cm}
  70     \begin{itemstep}
  71       \item $3000 \, bc$: abacus - first calculating device
  72       \item $1945$: eniac - electrical digital computer
  73       \item $1938/41$: z1/3 - featuring memory and programmability
  74       \item $1960$: pdp-1 - transistor based computers
  75       \item $1964$: pdp-8 - integrated circuit computers
  76     \end{itemstep}
  77   \end{minipage}
  78 \end{slide}}
  79
  80 \overlays{6}{
  81 \begin{slide}{history of computing hardware}
  82   \begin{minipage}[t]{10cm}
  83      \onlySlide*{1}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{4004.eps} \end{center}}
  84      \onlySlide*{2}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{cray2.eps} \hspace{1pt} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{cray2_i.eps} \end{center}}
  85      \onlySlide*{3}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{apple2.eps} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{c64.eps} \end{center}}
  86      \onlySlide*{4}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{intel1.eps} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{intel2.eps} \end{center}}
  87      \onlySlide*{5}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{mips.eps} \hspace{1pt} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{ppc.eps} \end{center}}
  88      \onlySlide*{6}{\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{cluster1.eps} \hspace{1cm} \includegraphics[height=3cm]{cluster2.eps} \end{center}}
  89   \end{minipage}
  90   \begin{minipage}[b]{10cm}
  91     \begin{itemstep}
  92       \item $1970$: intel 4004 - first single chip $\mu$-processor
  93       \item $1977/85$: cray1/2 - vector supercomputer
  94       \item $1977/82/85$: 6502/6510/m68k - first pc
  95       \item $1978/82/85 $: 8086/80286/80386
  96       \item $1985$: mips - first risc design
  97       \item $1990/2000$: massive parallel computing
  98     \end{itemstep}
  99   \end{minipage}
 100 \end{slide}}
 101
 102 \overlays{11}{
 103 \begin{slide}{history of computing software}
 104   \begin{itemstep}
 105     \item $1946$: plankalk"ul - high-level programming language
 106     \item $1950$: assembler - translating instruction mnemonics
 107     \item $1954$: fortran - {\scriptsize formula translation}
 108     \item $1963$: basic - {\scriptsize beginner's all purpose symbolic instruction code}
 109     \item $1964$: os/360 - batch processing operating system
 110     \item $1969$: unix - multics port to pdp-8, pdp-11/20
 111     \item $1972$: c programming language - thompson, ritchie
 112     \item $1978/84/85$: apple os/atari, amiga os/mac os
 113     \item $1981/85/92/95$: ms-dos/windows 1.0/3.x/95
 114     \item $1983$: gnu project - unix-like free software development
 115     \item $1991$: linux - open-source kernel
 116   \end{itemstep}
 117 \end{slide}}
 118
 119 \overlays{3}{
 120 \begin{slide}{warning}
 121   \begin{itemstep}
 122     \item numerical precision of 64-bit floating point \\
 123           {\small ieee floating point format:} $v = -1^s 2^{-e} m$
 124           \[
 125           \begin{array}{lll}
 126           s: & \textrm{signe} & \textrm{1 bit} \\
 127           m: & \textrm{mantissa} & \textrm{52 bit} \\
 128           e: & \textrm{exponent} & \textrm{11 bit} \\
 129           \end{array}
 130           \]
 131     \item foo
 132     \item bar
 133   \end{itemstep}
 134 \end{slide}}
 135
 136 \begin{slide}{}
 137
 138 \end{slide}
 139
 140 \begin{slide}{computational techniques}
 141 techniques discussed in the talk:
 142 \begin{itemize}
 143   \item rough discretization
 144   \item solution of linear algebraic equations
 145   \item interpolation and extrapolation
 146   \item integration of functions
 147   %\item evaluation of (special) functions
 148   \item monte carlo methods
 149   \item eigensystems
 150   \item spectral applications
 151   %\item modeling of data
 152   %\item ordinary differential equations
 153   %\item two point boundary value problems
 154   %\item partial differential equations
 155 \end{itemize}
 156 \end{slide}
 157
 158 \begin{slide}{computational techniques}
 159 techniques \textcolor{red}{not yet} discussed in the talk:\footnote{if time is available this will be completed. read more at http://www.nr.com}
 160 \begin{itemize}
 161   %\item rough discretization
 162   %\item solution of linear algebraic equations
 163   %\item interpolation and extrapolation
 164   %\item integration of functions
 165   \item evaluation of (special) functions
 166   %\item monte carlo methods
 167   %\item eigensystems
 168   %\item spectral applications
 169   \item modeling of data
 170   \item ordinary differential equations
 171   \item two point boundary value problems
 172   \item partial differential equations
 173 \end{itemize}
 174 \hspace{6cm}
 175 \end{slide}
 176
 177 \end{document}