nlsop/poster/nlsop_ibmm2006.tex

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   2
   3 % howto ...
   4 %
   5 % resize to A0 (900 x 1100 mm) full poster size
   6 %        or A4 or Letter size
   7 %
   8 % resize factor:
   9 %        2*sqrt(2) = 2.828    (for A0)
  10 %        2         = 2.00     (for A1)
  11 %
  12 %
  13 % format definition:
  14 %
  15 % special format, scaled by 2.82 -> A0
  16 %
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  20 %
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  22 %
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  25 %\def\anzspalten{4}
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  28 %
  29 %\def\breite{297mm}
  30 %\def\hoehe{420mm}
  31 %\def\anzspalten{3}
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  33 % A4 portrait
  34 %
  35 %\def\breite{210mm}
  36 %\def\hoehe{297mm}
  37 %\def\anzspalten{2}
  38 %
  39 %
  40 %
  41 % scaling procedure:
  42 %   ./poster_resize poster.ps S
  43 %
  44 % european sizes:
  45 %   A3: 29.73 x 42.04 cm
  46 %   A1: 59.5 x 84.1 cm
  47 %   A0: 84.1 x 118.9 cm
  48 %
  49
  50 % packages:
  51 %
  52 \usepackage{palatino}
  53 \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
  54 \usepackage{epsf}
  55 \usepackage{graphicx,psfrag,color,pstricks,pst-grad}
  56 \graphicspath{{../img/}}
  57 \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
  58 \usepackage{latexsym}
  59 \usepackage{calc}
  60 \usepackage{multicol}
  61 \usepackage[german]{babel}
  62
  63 % numbers, lengths and boxes:
  64 %
  65 \newsavebox{\dummybox}
  66 \newsavebox{\spalten}
  67 %
  68 \newlength{\bgwidth}\newlength{\bgheight}
  69 \setlength\bgheight{\hoehe} \addtolength\bgheight{-1mm}
  70 \setlength\bgwidth{\breite} \addtolength\bgwidth{-1mm}
  71 %
  72 \newlength{\kastenwidth}
  73 %
  74 \setlength\paperheight{\hoehe}
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  77 %
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  83 %
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  85 \addtolength{\topmargin}{-3mm}
  86 \textwidth\paperwidth
  87 \textheight\paperheight
  88 %
  89 \parindent0cm
  90 \parskip1.5ex plus0.5ex minus 0.5ex
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  92 %
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  96 %
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  98 \def\UnterStil{\normalfont\sffamily\small}
  99 \def\LabelStil{\normalfont\sffamily\tiny}
 100 \def\LegStil{\normalfont\sffamily\tiny}
 101
 102 % commands:
 103 %
 104 \definecolor{JG}{rgb}{0.1,0.9,0.3}
 105 %
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 107         \begin{lrbox}{\dummybox}%
 108         \begin{minipage}{0.96\linewidth}}%
 109         {\end{minipage}%
 110         \end{lrbox}%
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 112 %
 113 \newenvironment{spalte}{%
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 115         \divide\kastenwidth by \anzspalten
 116         \begin{minipage}[t]{\kastenwidth}}
 117         {\end{minipage}\hfill}
 118 %
 119 \renewcommand{\emph}[1]{{\color{red}\textbf{#1}}}
 120 %
 121 \def\op#1{\hat{#1}}
 122
 123 %
 124 % the document begins ...
 125 %
 126 \begin{document}
 127
 128 % background
 129 {\newrgbcolor{gradbegin}{0.1 0.1 0.1}%
 130  \newrgbcolor{gradend}{1 1 1}%
 131  \psframe[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=gradend,%
 132  gradbegin=gradbegin,gradmidpoint=0.5](\bgwidth,-\bgheight)%
 133 }
 134
 135 % header
 136 \vfill
 137 \hfill
 138 \psshadowbox{\makebox[0.95\textwidth]{%
 139         \hfill
 140         \parbox[c]{0.1\linewidth}{\includegraphics[height=4.5cm]{uni-logo.eps}}
 141         \parbox[c]{0.7\linewidth}{%
 142                 \begin{center}
 143                         \textbf{\Huge{Monte Carlo simulation study of a
 144                                       selforganization process\\
 145                                       leading to ordered precipitate structures}
 146                         }\\[0.7em]
 147                         \textsc{\LARGE \underline{F. Zirkelbach}, M. H"aberlen,
 148                                        J. K. N. Lindner, B. Stritzker
 149                         }\\[0.7em]
 150                         {\large Institut f"ur Physik, Universit"at Augsburg,
 151                          D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
 152                         }
 153                 \end{center}
 154         }
 155         \parbox[c]{0.1\linewidth}{%
 156                 \includegraphics[height=4.1cm]{Lehrstuhl-Logo.eps}
 157         }
 158         \hfill
 159 }}
 160 \hfill\mbox{}\\[1.cm]
 161
 162 %\vspace*{1.3cm}
 163
 164 % content, let's rock the columns
 165 \begin{lrbox}{\spalten}
 166         \parbox[t][\textheight]{1.3\textwidth}{%
 167                 \vspace*{0.2cm}
 168                 \hfill
 169 % first column
 170 %\begin{spalte}
 171 %       \begin{kasten}
 172 %               \begin{center}
 173 %                       {\large{\color{blue}\underline{ABSTRACT}}}
 174 %               \end{center}
 175 %
 176 % abstract ... skip it
 177 %High-dose ion implantation into solids usually leads to a disordered distribution of defects or precipitates with variable sizes.
 178 %However materials exist for which high-dose ion irradiation at certain conditions results in periodically arranged, self-organized, nanometric amorphous inclusions.
 179 %This has been observed for a number of ion/target combinations \cite{ommen,specht,ishimaru} which all have in common a largely reduced density of host atoms of the amorphous phase compared to the crystalline host lattice.
 180 %A simple model explaining the phenomenon is introduced and realized in a Monte Carlo simulation code, which focuses on high dose carbon implantation into silicon.
 181 %The simulation is able to reproduce the depth distribution observed by TEM and RBS.
 182 %While first versions of the simulation \cite{me1,me2} just covered a limited depth region of the target in which the selforganization is observed, the new version of this simulation code presented here is able to model the whole depth region affected by the irradiation process, as can be seen in chapter 4.
 183 %Based on simulation results a recipe is proposed for producing broad distributions of lamellar, ordered structures which, according to recent studies \cite{wong}, are the starting point for materials with high photoluminescence.
 184 %       \end{kasten}
 185 %
 186 \begin{spalte}
 187         \begin{kasten}
 188
 189         \section*{1 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{blue}Experimental observations}}
 190
 191                 \subsection*{1.1 {\color{blue} Amorphous inclusions}}
 192                         \begin{center}
 193                                 \includegraphics[width=11cm]{k393abild1_e.eps}
 194                         \end{center}
 195                         Cross section TEM image:\\
 196                         $180 \, keV$ $C^+ \rightarrow Si$,
 197                         $T=150 \, ^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$,
 198                         Dose: $4.3 \times 10^{17} \, cm^{-2}$\\
 199                         black/white: crystalline/amorphous material\\
 200                         L: amorphous lamellae, S: spherical amorphous inclusions
 201
 202                 \subsection*{1.2 {\color{blue} Carbon distribution}}
 203                         \begin{center}
 204                                 \includegraphics[width=11cm]{eftem.eps}
 205                         \end{center}
 206                         Brightfield TEM and respective EFTEM image:\\
 207                         $180 \, keV$ $C^+ \rightarrow Si$,
 208                         $T=200 \, ^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$,
 209                         Dose: $4.3 \times 10^{17} \, cm^{-2}$\\
 210                         yellow/blue: high/low concentrations of carbon
 211
 212         \end{kasten}
 213
 214         \begin{kasten}
 215                 \section*{2 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{blue}Model}}
 216
 217                         \begin{center}
 218                                 \includegraphics[width=11cm]{modell_ng_e.eps}
 219                         \end{center}
 220                         \begin{itemize}
 221 \item supersaturation of $C$ in $c-Si$\\
 222       $\rightarrow$ {\bf carbon induced} nucleation of spherical
 223       $SiC_x$-precipitates
 224 \item high interfacial energy between $3C-SiC$ and $c-Si$\\
 225       $\rightarrow$ {\bf amourphous} precipitates
 226 \item $20 - 30\,\%$ lower silicon density of $a-SiC_x$ compared to $c-Si$\\
 227       $\rightarrow$ {\bf lateral strain} (black arrows)
 228 \item reduction of the carbon supersaturation in $c-Si$\\
 229       $\rightarrow$ {\bf carbon diffusion} into amorphous volumina
 230       (white arrows)
 231 \item lateral strain (vertical component relaxating)\\
 232       $\rightarrow$ {\bf strain induced} lateral amorphization
 233                         \end{itemize}
 234         \end{kasten}
 235 \end{spalte}
 236 \begin{spalte}
 237         \begin{kasten}
 238                 \section*{3 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{blue}Simulation}}
 239
 240                 \subsection*{3.1 {\color{blue} Discretization of the target}}
 241                         \begin{center}
 242                                 \includegraphics[width=6cm]{gitter_e.eps}
 243                         \end{center}
 244
 245                 \subsection*{3.2 {\color{blue} Simulation algorithm}}
 246
 247                 \subsubsection*{3.2.1 Amorphization/Recrystallization}
 248                         \begin{itemize}
 249                                 \item random numbers according to the nuclear
 250                                       energy loss to determine the volume hit
 251                                       by an impinging ion
 252                                 \item compute local probability for
 253                                       amorphization:\\
 254 \[
 255  p_{c \rightarrow a}(\vec{r}) = {\color{green} p_b} + {\color{blue} p_c c_C(\vec{r})} + {\color{red} \sum_{\textrm{amorphous neighbours}} \frac{p_s c_C(\vec{r'})}{(r-r')^2}}
 256 \]
 257                                       and recrystallization:
 258 \[
 259  p_{a \rightarrow c}(\vec r) = (1 - p_{c \rightarrow a}(\vec r)) \Big(1 - \frac{\sum_{direct \, neighbours} \delta (\vec{r'})}{6} \Big) \, \textrm{,}
 260 \]
 261 \[
 262 \delta (\vec r) = \left\{
 263 \begin{array}{ll}
 264         1 & \textrm{volume at position $\vec r$ amorphous} \\
 265         0 & \textrm{otherwise} \\
 266 \end{array}
 267 \right.
 268 \]
 269                                 \item loop for the mean amount of hits by the
 270                                       ion
 271                         \end{itemize}
 272 Three contributions to the amorphization process controlled by:
 273 \begin{itemize}
 274         \item {\color{green} $p_b$} normal 'ballistic' amorphization
 275         \item {\color{blue} $p_c$} carbon induced amorphization
 276         \item {\color{red} $p_s$} stress enhanced amorphization
 277 \end{itemize}
 278
 279                 \subsubsection*{3.2.2 Carbon incorporation}
 280                         \begin{itemize}
 281                                 \item random numbers according to the
 282                                       implantation profile to determine the
 283                                       incorporation volume
 284                                 \item increase the amount of carbon atoms in
 285                                       that volume
 286                         \end{itemize}
 287                 \subsubsection*{3.2.3 Diffusion/Sputtering}
 288                         \begin{itemize}
 289                                 \item every $d_v$ steps transfer $d_r$ of the
 290                                       carbon atoms of crystalline volumina to
 291                                       an amorphous neighbour volume
 292                                 \item do the sputter routine after $n$ steps
 293                                       corresponding to $3 \, nm$ of substrat
 294                                       removal
 295                         \end{itemize}
 296         \end{kasten}
 297 \end{spalte}
 298 \begin{spalte}
 299         \begin{kasten}
 300                 \section*{4 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{blue}Simulation results}}
 301
 302                 \subsection*{4.1 {\color{blue} Comparison with experiments}}
 303                         \begin{center}
 304                         \includegraphics[width=11cm]{dosis_entwicklung_ng_e_1-2.eps}
 305                         \end{center}
 306                         \begin{center}
 307                         \includegraphics[width=11cm]{dosis_entwicklung_ng_e_2-2.eps}
 308                         \end{center}
 309
 310                 \subsection*{4.1 {\color{blue} Carbon distribution}}
 311                         \begin{center}
 312                         \includegraphics[width=11cm]{ac_cconc_ver2_e.eps}
 313                         \end{center}
 314
 315         \end{kasten}
 316 \end{spalte}
 317 % fourth column
 318 \begin{spalte}
 319         \begin{kasten}
 320                 \section*{5 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{blue}Broad distribution of
 321                                                         lamellar structure}}
 322                         \begin{mbox}
 323                         \begin{itemize}
 324                                 \item $10 \, at.\%$ constant carbon plateau
 325                                       by multiple implantation steps at
 326                                       energies between $180$ and $10 \, keV$
 327                         \end{itemize}
 328                         \begin{center}
 329                                 \includegraphics[width=6cm]{multiple_impl_cp.eps}
 330                         \end{center}
 331                         \begin{itemize}
 332                                 \item foloowed by $2 \, MeV$ $C^+$ implantation
 333                         \end{itemize}
 334                         \begin{center}
 335                                 \includegraphics[width=10cm]{multiple_impl.eps}
 336                         \end{center}
 337
 338         \end{kasten}
 339
 340 \vspace{0.5cm}
 341       \begin{kasten}
 342          \section*{6 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{red} \underline{Conclusions}}}
 343              \begin{itemize}
 344              \item
 345
 346              \item
 347
 348              \item
 349
 350              \item
 351
 352              \end{itemize}
 353       \end{kasten}
 354
 355 \vspace{0.5cm}
 356       \begin{kasten}
 357
 358            {\small
 359            \begin{thebibliography}{9}
 360            \bibitem{ommen} A. H. van Ommen,
 361                            Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 39 (1989) 194.
 362            \bibitem{specht} E. D. Specht, D. A. Walko, S. J. Zinkle,
 363                            Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 84 (2000) 390.
 364            \bibitem{ishimaru} M. Ishimaru,  R. M. Dickerson, K. E. Sickafus,
 365                               Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 166-167 (2000) 390.
 366         \bibitem{me1} F. Zirkelbach, M. H"aberlen, J. K. N. Lindner,
 367                       B. Stritzker,
 368                       Comp. Mater. Sci. 33 (2005) 310.
 369         \bibitem{me2} F. Zirkelbach, M. H"aberlen, J. K. N. Lindner,
 370                       B. Stritzker,
 371                       Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 242 (2006) 679.
 372            \bibitem{wong} Dihu Chen, Z. M. Liao, L. Wang, H. Z. Wang, Fuli Zhao,
 373                           W. Y. Cheung, S. P. Wong,
 374                           Opt. Mater. 23 (2003) 65. Opt. Mater. 23 (2003) 65.
 375            \end{thebibliography}
 376            }
 377    \end{kasten}
 378     \end{spalte}
 379     }
 380     \end{lrbox}
 381 \resizebox*{0.98\textwidth}{!}{%
 382   \usebox{\spalten}}\hfill\mbox{}\vfill
 383 \end{document}
 384
 385