% im streit mit huygens
% particle theory -> laplace: massive body, light cant excape from
-\fi
-
\begin{slide}
\small
-%{\bf Wellentheorie des Lichts}\\
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.2\textwidth}
\centering
\underline{Christiaan Huygens}\\[0.1cm]
\hfill
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.75\textwidth}
- \hfill
- \end{minipage}\\[1.0cm]
+ \footnotesize
+ {\bf Huygenssches Prinzip}\\
+ (Lichtausbreitung analog zu Wasserwellen)\\[0.15cm]
+ \begin{minipage}{0.54\textwidth}
+ Jeder Punkt der Wellenfront ist\\
+ Ausgangspunkt einer kugelf"ormigen\\
+ Elementarwelle\\[0.2cm]
+ Superposition ("Uberlagerung) aller\\
+ Elementarwellen $\rightarrow$ neue Wellenfront\\[0.2cm]
+ Elementarwellen wirken nur in\\
+ Ausbreitungsrichtung (unbegr"undet!)\\
+{\scriptsize
+\[
+\frac{\sin({\color{red}\alpha})}{\sin({\color{blue}\beta})}=
+\frac{{\color{red}c_1}}{{\color{blue}c_2}}
+\]
+}
+ \end{minipage}\\
+ %\begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
+ %\flushright
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(-165,-30)
+ \includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{reflexion_brechung.eps}
+ \end{picture}
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(-160,17)
+ \includegraphics[width=3cm]{polarization.eps}
+ \end{picture}
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(-140,18)
+ \begin{minipage}{4.0cm}
+ \tiny
+ {\bf Fresnel (1788-1827)}\\
+ Polarisation f"ur transversale Wellen
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{picture}
+ %\end{minipage}
+ \end{minipage}\\[0.8cm]
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.2\textwidth}
\centering
\underline{Thomas Young}\\[0.1cm]
\hfill
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.75\textwidth}
- \hfill
+ \footnotesize
+ {\bf Doppelspaltexperiment}\\
+ Best"atigung und Durchsetzung der \underline{Wellentheorie des Lichts}\\
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(0,90)
+ \includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{double_slit_setup.eps}
+ \end{picture}
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(-130,90)
+ \includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{water.eps}
+ \end{picture}
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(-170,40)
+ \includegraphics[width=3.3cm]{young_diff_orig.eps}
+ \end{picture}
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(-85,13)
+ \includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{double_slit_res.eps}
+ \end{picture}
+ \vspace{3.1cm}
\end{minipage}
\end{slide}
\begin{slide}
\small
-{\bf Licht als elektromagnetische Welle}\\
-Michael Faraday\\
-James Clerk Maxwell
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.2\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ \underline{Michael Faraday}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{faraday.eps}\\
+ {\footnotesize 1791--1867}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.03\textwidth}
+ \hfill
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.75\textwidth}
+ \footnotesize
+ {\bf Experimental Researches in Electricity}\\
+ Elektromagnetische Induktion ---
+ {\em \glqq Convert magnetism into electricity\grqq}\\[0.15cm]
+ \begin{minipage}{0.59\textwidth}
+ Strom in linker Leiterschleife\\
+ $\rightarrow$ Welle entlang Ring\\
+ $\rightarrow$ Strom in rechter Leiterschleife
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.4\textwidth}
+ \begin{flushright}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{induktion.eps}
+ \end{flushright}
+ \end{minipage}\\[0.15cm]
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(-150,95)
+ \includegraphics[width=4.1cm]{faraday_effect.eps}\\
+ \end{picture}
+ \begin{picture}(0,0)(-5,95)
+ \includegraphics[width=4.1cm]{circular.eps}
+ \end{picture}\\
+ Magnetooptischer Effekt / Faraday Effekt\\
+ {\em Magnetisierung des Lichts} und {\em Belichtung der Magnetkraftlinien}\\[0.1cm]
+ \begin{minipage}{0.39\textwidth}
+ \vspace{1.5cm}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{minipage}\\[1.0cm]
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{0.2\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ {\footnotesize\underline{James Clerk Maxwell}}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{maxwell.eps}\\
+ {\footnotesize 1831--1879}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{0.03\textwidth}
+ \hfill
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{0.75\textwidth}
+ \footnotesize
+ {\bf A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism}\\
+ Maxwell Gleichungen / Grundgleichungen der Elektrodynamik\\[0.2cm]
+ z.B.: Induktionsgesetz:
+ $\oint_{\partial A}\vec{E} d\vec{s}=
+ -\int_A \frac{\partial\vec{B}}{\partial t}\cdot d\vec{A}$\\[0.1cm]
+ weitere: Gesetz von Gauss (f"ur $\vec{E}$ und $\vec{B}$),
+ Durchflutungsgesetz\\[0.4cm]
+ \begin{minipage}{0.9\textwidth}
+ \scriptsize{\bf Postulat}\\
+ \glqq{}Diese Geschwindigkeit ist so nahe an der Lichtgeschwindigkeit, dass wir einen starken Grund zu der Annahme haben, dass das {\bf Licht} selbst (...), eine {\bf elektromagnetische Welle} ist.\grqq\\[0.2cm]
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{minipage}
\end{slide}
+% faraday fuehrte zur entwicklung der theorie des elektromagnetismus
+
\begin{slide}
-{\bf Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus}\\
-Max Planck und Albert Einstein\\
-\small
+\scriptsize
+ \begin{minipage}[c]{0.1\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ \underline{G. Galilei}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=0.93\textwidth]{galilei.eps}\\
+ {\tiny 1564--1642}\\[0.1cm]
+ \underline{H. Lorentz}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=0.93\textwidth]{lorentz.eps}\\
+ {\tiny 1853--1928}\\[0.1cm]
+ \underline{A. Michelson}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=0.93\textwidth]{michelson.eps}\\
+ {\tiny 1852--1931}\\[0.1cm]
+ \underline{E. Morley}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=0.93\textwidth]{morley.eps}\\
+ {\tiny 1838--1923}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\textwidth}
+ \hfill
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[c]{0.85\textwidth}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.59\textwidth}
+ {\bf Galilei Transformation:}
+ $x'=x-vt\textrm{ , }\quad y'=y$
+ \begin{eqnarray}
+ F&=& m\frac{d^2}{dt^2}x'\nonumber\\
+ &=& m\frac{d^2}{dt^2}(x-vt)=
+ \frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{d}{dt}x-v\right)=m\frac{d^2}{dt^2}x
+ \nonumber
+ \end{eqnarray}
+ \centering
+ Newton-Gleichungen ${\color{green}\surd}\quad$
+ Maxwell-Gleichungen ${\color{red}\times}$
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.39\textwidth}
+ \begin{flushright}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{galileo.eps}
+ \end{flushright}
+ \end{minipage}\\[0.2cm]
+ \begin{minipage}{0.98\textwidth}
+ {\bf Lorentz Transformation} und {\bf Michelson Morley Interferometer}
+ \end{minipage}\\[0.2cm]
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.48\textwidth}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{interferometer.eps}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.50\textwidth}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{mi_orig.eps}
+ \end{minipage}\\[0.3cm]
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.35\textwidth}
+ ${\color{red}t'_1}=\frac{L}{c-v}$,
+ ${\color{red}t'_2-t'_1}=\frac{L}{c+v}$\\
+ ${\color{red}t'_2}=\frac{2L}{c(1-v^2/c^2)}$\\[0.3cm]
+ $(c{\color{blue}t_1})^2=L^2+(v{\color{blue}t_1})^2$\\
+ ${\color{blue}t_1}=L/\sqrt{c^2-v^2}$\\
+ ${\color{blue}t_2}=\frac{2L}{c\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}}$
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.63\textwidth}
+ Ergebnis: ${\color{red}t'_2}={\color{blue}t_2}$\\[0.2cm]
+ {\bf Lorentzkontraktion:} Bewegung relativ zum "Ather\\
+ $L\rightarrow L/\gamma\textrm {, }\quad\gamma=1/\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}
+ \qquad\textrm{Maxwell-Gln} {\color{green}\surd}$\\[0.2cm]
+ {\bf Einstein --- spezielle Relativit"atstheorie}\\
+ Maxwell gilt in allen Inertialsystemen ($c=const.$)\\
+ Lorentz-Invarianz ${\color{green}\surd}\stackrel{v\rightarrow 0}{\rightarrow}$
+ Galilei-Invarianz ${\color{red}\times}$\\
+ Kein(e) absolute(r) Zeit/Raum mehr!
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{minipage}
\end{slide}
+\fi
+
\begin{slide}
-{\bf Nicht nur Licht: Ursprung der modernen Quentenphysik}
+\scriptsize
+ \begin{minipage}[c]{0.12\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ \underline{M. Planck}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=0.73\textwidth]{planck.eps}\\
+ {\tiny 1858--1947}\\[0.1cm]
+ \underline{A. Einstein}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=0.73\textwidth]{einstein.eps}\\
+ {\tiny 1879--1955}\\[0.1cm]
+ \underline{de Broglie}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=0.73\textwidth]{broglie.eps}\\
+ {\tiny 1892--1987}\\[0.1cm]
+ \underline{Schr"odinger}\\[0.1cm]
+ \includegraphics[width=0.73\textwidth]{schrodinger.eps}\\
+ {\tiny 1887--1961}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\textwidth}
+ \hfill
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}[c]{0.84\textwidth}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.98\textwidth}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.6\textwidth}
+ Foobar
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.39\textwidth}
+ \begin{flushright}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{blackbody.eps}
+ \end{flushright}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \end{minipage}
\end{slide}
+\begin{slide}
+foo
+\end{slide}
\end{document}
projects / lectures / latex.git / blobdiff