X-Git-Url: https://hackdaworld.org/gitweb/?p=lectures%2Flatex.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=posic%2Ftalks%2Fmpi_app.tex;h=3410dca0a91ba27de779d9623b9313d99a562739;hp=c05db6d4c9e8b6d360585b0f6a68dd4fe9ab5b06;hb=746f2f655599d7f94bf80cd968e6980f3f6f423e;hpb=3110674b7fbd4e9459e892009750942a3f83b686 diff --git a/posic/talks/mpi_app.tex b/posic/talks/mpi_app.tex index c05db6d..3410dca 100644 --- a/posic/talks/mpi_app.tex +++ b/posic/talks/mpi_app.tex @@ -991,9 +991,6 @@ r = \unit[2--4]{nm} \end{slide} -% continue here -\fi - \begin{slide} \headphd @@ -1001,21 +998,18 @@ r = \unit[2--4]{nm} Utilized computational methods } -\vspace{0.2cm} +\vspace{0.3cm} \small -{\bf Molecular dynamics (MD)}\\ +{\bf Molecular dynamics (MD)}\\[0.1cm] \scriptsize -\begin{tabular}{p{4.5cm} p{7.5cm}} -Basics & Details\\ +\begin{tabular}{| p{4.5cm} | p{7.5cm} |} \hline System of $N$ particles & $N=5832\pm 1$ (Defects), $N=238328+6000$ (Precipitation)\\ -\hline Phase space propagation & Velocity Verlet | timestep: \unit[1]{fs} \\ -\hline Analytical interaction potential & Tersoff-like {\color{red}short-range}, {\color{blue}bond order} potential (Erhart/Albe) @@ -1024,7 +1018,6 @@ E = \frac{1}{2} \sum_{i \neq j} \pot_{ij}, \quad \pot_{ij} = {\color{red}f_C(r_{ij})} \left[ f_R(r_{ij}) + {\color{blue}b_{ij}} f_A(r_{ij}) \right] $\\ -\hline Observables: time/ensemble averages & NpT (isothermal-isobaric) | Berendsen thermostat/barostat\\ \hline @@ -1032,164 +1025,78 @@ NpT (isothermal-isobaric) | Berendsen thermostat/barostat\\ \small -\vspace{0.1cm} +\vspace{0.3cm} {\bf Density functional theory (DFT)} \scriptsize \begin{minipage}[t]{6cm} -\underline{Basics} \begin{itemize} - \item $\Psi_0(r_1,r_2,\ldots,r_N)=\Psi[n_0(r)]$, $E_0=E[n_0]$ - \item Single-particle effective theory -% \item Born-Oppenheimer approximation:\\ -% Decouple electronic \& ionic motion -% \item Hohenberg-Kohn theorem:\\ -% $n_0(r) \stackrel{\text{uniquely}}{\rightarrow}$ -% $V_0$ / $H$ / $\Phi_i$ / \underline{$E_0$} + \item Hohenberg-Kohn theorem:\\ + $\Psi_0(r_1,r_2,\ldots,r_N)=\Psi[n_0(r)]$, $E_0=E[n_0]$ + \item Kohn-Sham approach:\\ + Single-particle effective theory \end{itemize} -\underline{Details} +\hrule \begin{itemize} \item Code: \textsc{vasp} -\item Plane wave basis set $\{\phi_j\}$\\[0.1cm] -$\displaystyle -\Phi_i=\sum_{|G+k|}(3.5,-2.0){2.5}{130}{15} +\psarcn[linewidth=0.07cm,linestyle=dashed]{->}(3.5,-2.0){2.5}{230}{165} +\psarcn[linewidth=0.07cm,linestyle=dashed]{->}(3.5,-2.0){2.5}{345}{310} -\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(0,0) -\psellipse[linecolor=blue](1.5,6.75)(0.5,0.3) \end{pspicture} +\end{minipage} \end{slide} \begin{slide} +\headphd {\large\bf - C and Si self-interstitial point defects in silicon + Point defects \& defect migration } \small - \vspace*{0.3cm} + \vspace{0.2cm} -\begin{minipage}{8cm} -Procedure:\\[0.3cm] - \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(7,5) - \rput(3.5,4){\rnode{init}{\psframebox[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=hb]{ +\begin{minipage}[b]{7.5cm} +{\bf Defect structure}\\ + \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(7,4.4) + \rput(3.5,3.2){\rnode{init}{\psframebox[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=hb]{ \parbox{7cm}{ \begin{itemize} \item Creation of c-Si simulation volume @@ -1197,13 +1104,13 @@ Procedure:\\[0.3cm] \item $T=0\text{ K}$, $p=0\text{ bar}$ \end{itemize} }}}} -\rput(3.5,2.1){\rnode{insert}{\psframebox{ +\rput(3.5,1.3){\rnode{insert}{\psframebox{ \parbox{7cm}{ \begin{center} Insertion of interstitial C/Si atoms \end{center} }}}} - \rput(3.5,1){\rnode{cool}{\psframebox[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=lbb]{ + \rput(3.5,0.2){\rnode{cool}{\psframebox[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=lbb]{ \parbox{7cm}{ \begin{center} Relaxation / structural energy minimization @@ -1213,58 +1120,104 @@ Procedure:\\[0.3cm] \ncline[]{->}{insert}{cool} \end{pspicture} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{5cm} - \includegraphics[width=5cm]{unit_cell_e.eps}\\ +\begin{minipage}[b]{4.5cm} +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=3.8cm]{unit_cell_e.eps}\\ +\end{center} +\begin{minipage}{2.21cm} +{\scriptsize +{\color{red}$\bullet$} Tetrahedral\\[-0.1cm] +{\color{green}$\bullet$} Hexagonal\\[-0.1cm] +{\color{yellow}$\bullet$} \hkl<1 0 0> DB +} +\end{minipage} +\begin{minipage}{2.21cm} +{\scriptsize +{\color{magenta}$\bullet$} \hkl<1 1 0> DB\\[-0.1cm] +{\color{cyan}$\bullet$} Bond-centered\\[-0.1cm] +{\color{black}$\bullet$} Vac. / Sub. +} +\end{minipage} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{9cm} - \begin{tabular}{l c c} - \hline - & size [unit cells] & \# atoms\\ -\hline -VASP & $3\times 3\times 3$ & $216\pm 1$ \\ -Erhart/Albe & $9\times 9\times 9$ & $5832\pm 1$\\ -\hline - \end{tabular} +\vspace{0.2cm} + +\begin{minipage}[b]{6cm} +{\bf Defect formation energy}\\ +\framebox{ +$E_{\text{f}}=E-\sum_i N_i\mu_i$}\\[0.1cm] +Particle reservoir: Si \& SiC\\[0.2cm] +{\bf Binding energy}\\ +\framebox{ +$ +E_{\text{b}}= +E_{\text{f}}^{\text{comb}}- +E_{\text{f}}^{1^{\text{st}}}- +E_{\text{f}}^{2^{\text{nd}}} +$ +}\\[0.1cm] +\footnotesize +$E_{\text{b}}<0$: energetically favorable configuration\\ +$E_{\text{b}}\rightarrow 0$: non-interacting, isolated defects\\ \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{4cm} -{\color{red}$\bullet$} Tetrahedral\\ -{\color{green}$\bullet$} Hexagonal\\ -{\color{yellow}$\bullet$} \hkl<1 0 0> dumbbell\\ -{\color{magenta}$\bullet$} \hkl<1 1 0> dumbbell\\ -{\color{cyan}$\bullet$} Bond-centered\\ -{\color{black}$\bullet$} Vacancy / Substitutional +\begin{minipage}[b]{6cm} +{\bf Migration barrier} +\footnotesize +\begin{itemize} + \item Displace diffusing atom + \item Constrain relaxation of (diffusing) atoms + \item Record configurational energy +\end{itemize} +\begin{picture}(0,0)(-60,-33) +\includegraphics[width=4.5cm]{crt_mod.eps} +\end{picture} \end{minipage} \end{slide} \begin{slide} - \footnotesize - -\begin{minipage}{9.5cm} +\footnotesize - {\large\bf - Si self-interstitial point defects in silicon\\ - } +\headphd +{\large\bf + Si self-interstitial point defects in silicon\\[0.1cm] +} +\begin{center} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline $E_{\text{f}}$ [eV] & \hkl<1 1 0> DB & H & T & \hkl<1 0 0> DB & V \\ \hline - VASP & \underline{3.39} & 3.42 & 3.77 & 4.41 & 3.63 \\ + \textsc{vasp} & \underline{3.39} & 3.42 & 3.77 & 4.41 & 3.63 \\ Erhart/Albe & 4.39 & 4.48$^*$ & \underline{3.40} & 5.42 & 3.13 \\ \hline -\end{tabular}\\[0.2cm] +\end{tabular}\\[0.4cm] +\end{center} -\begin{minipage}{4.7cm} -\includegraphics[width=4.7cm]{e_kin_si_hex.ps} +\begin{minipage}{3cm} +\begin{center} +\underline{Vacancy}\\ +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{si_pd_albe/vac.eps} +\end{center} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{4.7cm} +\begin{minipage}{3cm} \begin{center} -{\tiny nearly T $\rightarrow$ T}\\ +\underline{\hkl<1 1 0> DB}\\ +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{si_pd_albe/110_bonds.eps} +\end{center} +\end{minipage} +\begin{minipage}{3cm} +\begin{center} +\underline{\hkl<1 0 0> DB}\\ +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{si_pd_albe/100_bonds.eps} +\end{center} +\end{minipage} +\begin{minipage}{3cm} +\begin{center} +\underline{Tetrahedral}\\ +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{si_pd_albe/tet_bonds.eps} \end{center} -\includegraphics[width=4.7cm]{nhex_tet.ps} \end{minipage}\\ \underline{Hexagonal} \hspace{2pt} @@ -1272,7 +1225,7 @@ Erhart/Albe & $9\times 9\times 9$ & $5832\pm 1$\\ \framebox{ \begin{minipage}{2.7cm} $E_{\text{f}}^*=4.48\text{ eV}$\\ -\includegraphics[width=2.7cm]{si_pd_albe/hex_a.eps} +\includegraphics[width=2.7cm]{si_pd_albe/hex_a_bonds.eps} \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}{0.4cm} \begin{center} @@ -1281,28 +1234,14 @@ $\Rightarrow$ \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}{2.7cm} $E_{\text{f}}=3.96\text{ eV}$\\ -\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{si_pd_albe/hex.eps} +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{si_pd_albe/hex_bonds.eps} \end{minipage} } -\begin{minipage}{2.9cm} -\begin{flushright} -\underline{Vacancy}\\ -\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{si_pd_albe/vac.eps} -\end{flushright} -\end{minipage} - -\end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{3.5cm} - -\begin{flushright} -\underline{\hkl<1 1 0> dumbbell}\\ -\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{si_pd_albe/110.eps}\\ -\underline{Tetrahedral}\\ -\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{si_pd_albe/tet.eps}\\ -\underline{\hkl<1 0 0> dumbbell}\\ -\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{si_pd_albe/100.eps} -\end{flushright} - +\begin{minipage}{5.5cm} +\begin{center} +{\tiny nearly T $\rightarrow$ T}\\ +\end{center} +\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{nhex_tet.ps} \end{minipage} \end{slide} @@ -1311,71 +1250,73 @@ $E_{\text{f}}=3.96\text{ eV}$\\ \footnotesize - {\large\bf - C interstitial point defects in silicon\\[-0.1cm] - } +\headphd +{\large\bf + C interstitial point defects in silicon\\ +} \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c r} \hline - $E_{\text{f}}$ & T & H & \hkl<1 0 0> DB & \hkl<1 1 0> DB & S & B & \cs{} \& \si\\ + $E_{\text{f}}$ [eV] & T & H & \hkl<1 0 0> DB & \hkl<1 1 0> DB & S & B & + {\color{black} \cs{} \& \si}\\ \hline - VASP & unstable & unstable & \underline{3.72} & 4.16 & 1.95 & 4.66 & {\color{green}4.17}\\ - Erhart/Albe MD & 6.09 & 9.05$^*$ & \underline{3.88} & 5.18 & {\color{red}0.75} & 5.59$^*$ & {\color{green}4.43} \\ + \textsc{vasp} & unstable & unstable & \underline{3.72} & 4.16 & 1.95 & 4.66 & {\color{green}4.17}\\ + Erhart/Albe & 6.09 & 9.05$^*$ & \underline{3.88} & 5.18 & {\color{red}0.75} & 5.59$^*$ & {\color{green}4.43} \\ \hline \end{tabular}\\[0.1cm] \framebox{ -\begin{minipage}{2.7cm} +\begin{minipage}{2.8cm} \underline{Hexagonal} \hspace{2pt} \href{../video/c_in_si_int_hexa.avi}{$\rhd$}\\ $E_{\text{f}}^*=9.05\text{ eV}$\\ -\includegraphics[width=2.7cm]{c_pd_albe/hex.eps} +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{c_pd_albe/hex_bonds.eps} \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}{0.4cm} \begin{center} $\Rightarrow$ \end{center} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{2.7cm} +\begin{minipage}{2.8cm} \underline{\hkl<1 0 0>}\\ $E_{\text{f}}=3.88\text{ eV}$\\ -\includegraphics[width=2.7cm]{c_pd_albe/100.eps} +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{c_pd_albe/100_bonds.eps} \end{minipage} } -\begin{minipage}{2cm} +\begin{minipage}{1.4cm} \hfill \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{3cm} +\begin{minipage}{3.0cm} \begin{flushright} \underline{Tetrahedral}\\ -\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{c_pd_albe/tet.eps} +\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{c_pd_albe/tet_bonds.eps} \end{flushright} \end{minipage} \framebox{ -\begin{minipage}{2.7cm} +\begin{minipage}{2.8cm} \underline{Bond-centered}\\ $E_{\text{f}}^*=5.59\text{ eV}$\\ -\includegraphics[width=2.7cm]{c_pd_albe/bc.eps} +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{c_pd_albe/bc_bonds.eps} \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}{0.4cm} \begin{center} $\Rightarrow$ \end{center} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{2.7cm} +\begin{minipage}{2.8cm} \underline{\hkl<1 1 0> dumbbell}\\ $E_{\text{f}}=5.18\text{ eV}$\\ -\includegraphics[width=2.7cm]{c_pd_albe/110.eps} +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{c_pd_albe/110_bonds.eps} \end{minipage} } -\begin{minipage}{2cm} +\begin{minipage}{1.4cm} \hfill \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{3cm} +\begin{minipage}{3.0cm} \begin{flushright} \underline{Substitutional}\\ -\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{c_pd_albe/sub.eps} +\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{c_pd_albe/sub_bonds.eps} \end{flushright} \end{minipage} @@ -1383,82 +1324,46 @@ $E_{\text{f}}=5.18\text{ eV}$\\ \begin{slide} -\footnotesize +\headphd +{\large\bf\boldmath + C-Si dimer \& bond-centered interstitial configuration +} - {\large\bf\boldmath - C \hkl<1 0 0> dumbbell interstitial configuration\\ - } +\footnotesize -{\tiny -\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} -\hline - Distances [nm] & $r(1C)$ & $r(2C)$ & $r(3C)$ & $r(12)$ & $r(13)$ & $r(34)$ & $r(23)$ & $r(25)$ \\ -\hline -Erhart/Albe & 0.175 & 0.329 & 0.186 & 0.226 & 0.300 & 0.343 & 0.423 & 0.425 \\ -VASP & 0.174 & 0.341 & 0.182 & 0.229 & 0.286 & 0.347 & 0.422 & 0.417 \\ -\hline -\end{tabular}\\[0.2cm] -\begin{tabular}{l c c c c } -\hline - Angles [$^{\circ}$] & $\theta_1$ & $\theta_2$ & $\theta_3$ & $\theta_4$ \\ -\hline -Erhart/Albe & 140.2 & 109.9 & 134.4 & 112.8 \\ -VASP & 130.7 & 114.4 & 146.0 & 107.0 \\ -\hline -\end{tabular}\\[0.2cm] -\begin{tabular}{l c c c} -\hline - Displacements [nm]& $a$ & $b$ & $|a|+|b|$ \\ -\hline -Erhart/Albe & 0.084 & -0.091 & 0.175 \\ -VASP & 0.109 & -0.065 & 0.174 \\ -\hline -\end{tabular}\\[0.6cm] -} +\vspace{0.1cm} -\begin{minipage}{3.0cm} +\begin{minipage}[t]{4.1cm} +{\bf\boldmath C \hkl<1 0 0> DB interstitial}\\[0.1cm] +\begin{minipage}{2.0cm} \begin{center} \underline{Erhart/Albe} -\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{c_pd_albe/100_cmp.eps} +\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{c_pd_albe/100_cmp.eps} \end{center} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{3.0cm} +\begin{minipage}{2.0cm} \begin{center} -\underline{VASP} -\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_cmp.eps} +\underline{\textsc{vasp}} +\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_cmp.eps} \end{center} -\end{minipage}\\ - -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-185,10) -\includegraphics[width=6.8cm]{100-c-si-db_cmp.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-280,-150) -\includegraphics[width=3.3cm]{c_pd_vasp/eden.eps} -\end{picture} - -\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(0,0) -\psellipse[linecolor=green](5.18,5.92)(0.5,0.3) -\psellipse[linecolor=red](3.45,5.92)(1.0,0.4) -\psellipse[linecolor=blue](2.7,6.92)(0.9,0.2) -\psellipse[linecolor=blue](4.65,6.92)(0.9,0.2) -\end{pspicture} - -\end{slide} - -\begin{slide} - -\small - -\begin{minipage}{8.5cm} - - {\large\bf - Bond-centered interstitial configuration\\[-0.1cm] - } - -\begin{minipage}{3.0cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{c_pd_vasp/bc_2333.eps}\\ +\end{minipage}\\[0.2cm] +Si-C-Si bond angle $\rightarrow$ \unit[180]{$^{\circ}$}\\ +$\Rightarrow$ $sp$ hybridization\\[0.1cm] +Si-Si-Si bond angle $\rightarrow$ \unit[120]{$^{\circ}$}\\ +$\Rightarrow$ $sp^2$ hybridization +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=3.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/eden.eps}\\[-0.1cm] +{\tiny Charge density isosurface} +\end{center} +\end{minipage} +\begin{minipage}{0.2cm} +\hfill \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{5.2cm} +\begin{minipage}[t]{8.1cm} +\begin{flushright} +{\bf Bond-centered interstitial}\\[0.1cm] +\begin{minipage}{4.4cm} +%\scriptsize \begin{itemize} \item Linear Si-C-Si bond \item Si: one C \& 3 Si neighbours @@ -1467,6 +1372,11 @@ VASP & 0.109 & -0.065 & 0.174 \\ Real local minimum! \end{itemize} \end{minipage} +\begin{minipage}{2.7cm} +%\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{c_pd_vasp/bc_2333.eps}\\ +\vspace{0.2cm} +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{c_pd_albe/bc_bonds.eps}\\ +\end{minipage} \framebox{ \tiny @@ -1522,411 +1432,202 @@ VASP & 0.109 & -0.065 & 0.174 \\ \end{flushright} \end{minipage} \end{minipage} -}\\[0.1cm] +}\\[0.4cm] -\framebox{ -\begin{minipage}{4.5cm} -\includegraphics[width=4cm]{c_100_mig_vasp/im_spin_diff.eps} -\end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{3.5cm} +%\framebox{ +\begin{minipage}{3.0cm} +%\scriptsize +\underline{Charge density}\\ {\color{gray}$\bullet$} Spin up\\ {\color{green}$\bullet$} Spin down\\ {\color{blue}$\bullet$} Resulting spin up\\ {\color{yellow}$\bullet$} Si atoms\\ {\color{red}$\bullet$} C atom \end{minipage} -} - +\begin{minipage}{3.6cm} +\includegraphics[width=3.8cm]{c_100_mig_vasp/im_spin_diff.eps} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{4.2cm} -\begin{flushright} -\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{c_pd_vasp/bc_2333_ksl.ps}\\ -{\color{green}$\Box$} {\tiny unoccupied}\\ -{\color{red}$\bullet$} {\tiny occupied} +%} + \end{flushright} + \end{minipage} +\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(0,0) +\psline[linecolor=gray,linewidth=0.05cm](-7.8,-8.7)(-7.8,0) +\end{pspicture} \end{slide} \begin{slide} - {\large\bf\boldmath - Migration of the C \hkl<1 0 0> dumbbell interstitial - } +\headphd +{\large\bf\boldmath + C interstitial migration --- ab initio +} \scriptsize - {\small Investigated pathways} +\vspace{0.1cm} -\begin{minipage}{8.5cm} -\begin{minipage}{8.3cm} -\underline{\hkl<0 0 -1> $\rightarrow$ \hkl<0 0 1>}\\ -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_2333.eps} -\end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{0.4cm} -$\rightarrow$ -\end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/bc_2333.eps} -\end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{0.4cm} -$\rightarrow$ -\end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_next_2333.eps} -\end{minipage} -\end{minipage}\\ -\begin{minipage}{8.3cm} -\underline{\hkl<0 0 -1> $\rightarrow$ \hkl<0 -1 0>}\\ -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_2333.eps} +\begin{minipage}{6.8cm} +\framebox{\hkl[0 0 -1] $\rightarrow$ \hkl[0 0 1]}\\ +\begin{minipage}{2.0cm} +\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_2333.eps} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{0.4cm} +\begin{minipage}{0.2cm} $\rightarrow$ \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/00-1-0-10_2333.eps} +\begin{minipage}{2.0cm} +\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{c_pd_vasp/bc_2333.eps} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{0.4cm} +\begin{minipage}{0.2cm} $\rightarrow$ \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/0-10_2333.eps} -\end{minipage} -\end{minipage}\\ -\begin{minipage}{8.3cm} -\underline{\hkl<0 0 -1> $\rightarrow$ \hkl<0 -1 0> (in place)}\\ -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_2333.eps} +\begin{minipage}{2.0cm} +\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_next_2333.eps} +\end{minipage}\\[0.1cm] +Spin polarization\\ +$\Rightarrow$ BC configuration constitutes local minimum\\ +$\Rightarrow$ Migration barrier to reach BC | $\Delta E=\unit[1.2]{eV}$ +\end{minipage} +\begin{minipage}{5.4cm} +\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{im_00-1_nosym_sp_fullct_thesis_vasp_s.ps} +\end{minipage}\\[0.2cm] +%\hrule +% +\begin{minipage}{6.8cm} +\framebox{\hkl[0 0 -1] $\rightarrow$ \hkl[0 -1 0]}\\ +\begin{minipage}{2.0cm} +\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{c_pd_vasp/100_2333.eps} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{0.4cm} +\begin{minipage}{0.2cm} $\rightarrow$ \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/00-1_ip0-10_2333.eps} +\begin{minipage}{2.0cm} +\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{c_pd_vasp/00-1-0-10_2333.eps} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{0.4cm} +\begin{minipage}{0.2cm} $\rightarrow$ \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{2.4cm} -\includegraphics[width=2.4cm]{c_pd_vasp/0-10_ip_2333.eps} -\end{minipage} +\begin{minipage}{2.0cm} +\includegraphics[width=2.0cm]{c_pd_vasp/0-10_2333.eps} +\end{minipage}\\[0.1cm] +$\Delta E=\unit[0.9]{eV}$ | Experimental values: \unit[0.70--0.87]{eV}\\ +$\Rightarrow$ {\color{red}Migration mechanism identified!}\\ +Note: Change in orientation \end{minipage} -\end{minipage} -\framebox{ -\begin{minipage}{4.2cm} - {\small Constrained relaxation\\ - technique (CRT) method}\\ -\includegraphics[width=4cm]{crt_orig.eps} -\begin{itemize} - \item Constrain diffusing atom - \item Static constraints -\end{itemize} -\vspace*{0.3cm} - {\small Modifications}\\ -\includegraphics[width=4cm]{crt_mod.eps} -\begin{itemize} - \item Constrain all atoms - \item Update individual\\ - constraints -\end{itemize} -\end{minipage} -} - -\end{slide} - -\begin{slide} - - {\large\bf\boldmath - Migration of the C \hkl<1 0 0> dumbbell interstitial - } - -\scriptsize - -\framebox{ -\begin{minipage}{5.9cm} -\begin{flushleft} -\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{im_00-1_nosym_sp_fullct_thesis.ps}\\[0.45cm] -\end{flushleft} -\begin{center} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(60,0) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{vasp_mig/00-1.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-5,0) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{vasp_mig/bc_00-1_sp.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-55,0) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{vasp_mig/bc.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(12.5,10) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{110_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(90,0) -\includegraphics[height=0.9cm]{001_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} -\end{center} -\vspace*{0.35cm} -\end{minipage} -} -\begin{minipage}{0.3cm} -\hfill -\end{minipage} -\framebox{ -\begin{minipage}{5.9cm} -\begin{flushright} -\includegraphics[width=5.9cm]{vasp_mig/00-1_0-10_nosym_sp_fullct.ps}\\[0.5cm] -\end{flushright} +\begin{minipage}{5.4cm} +\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{00-1_0-10_vasp_s.ps} +\end{minipage}\\[0.1cm] +% \begin{center} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(60,0) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{vasp_mig/00-1_a.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(5,0) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{vasp_mig/00-1_0-10_sp.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-55,0) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{vasp_mig/0-10.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(12.5,10) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{100_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(90,0) -\includegraphics[height=0.9cm]{001_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} +Reorientation pathway composed of two consecutive processes of the above type \end{center} -\vspace*{0.3cm} -\end{minipage}\\ -} - -\vspace*{0.05cm} - -\framebox{ -\begin{minipage}{5.9cm} -\begin{flushleft} -\includegraphics[width=5.9cm]{vasp_mig/00-1_ip0-10_nosym_sp_fullct.ps}\\[0.6cm] -\end{flushleft} -\begin{center} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(60,0) -\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{vasp_mig/00-1_b.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(10,0) -\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{vasp_mig/00-1_ip0-10_sp.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-60,0) -\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{vasp_mig/0-10_b.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(12.5,10) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{100_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(90,0) -\includegraphics[height=0.9cm]{001_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} -\end{center} -\vspace*{0.3cm} -\end{minipage} -} -\begin{minipage}{0.3cm} -\hfill -\end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{6.5cm} -VASP results -\begin{itemize} - \item Energetically most favorable path - \begin{itemize} - \item Path 2 - \item Activation energy: $\approx$ 0.9 eV - \item Experimental values: 0.73 ... 0.87 eV - \end{itemize} - $\Rightarrow$ {\color{blue}Diffusion} path identified! - \item Reorientation (path 3) - \begin{itemize} - \item More likely composed of two consecutive steps of type 2 - \item Experimental values: 0.77 ... 0.88 eV - \end{itemize} - $\Rightarrow$ {\color{blue}Reorientation} transition identified! -\end{itemize} -\end{minipage} \end{slide} \begin{slide} - {\large\bf\boldmath - Migration of the C \hkl<1 0 0> dumbbell interstitial - } +\headphd +{\large\bf\boldmath + C interstitial migration --- analytical potential +} \scriptsize - \vspace{0.1cm} - -\begin{minipage}{6.5cm} - -\framebox{ -\begin{minipage}[t]{5.9cm} -\begin{flushleft} -\includegraphics[width=5.9cm]{bc_00-1.ps}\\[2.35cm] -\end{flushleft} -\begin{center} -\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(0,0) -\psframe[linecolor=red,fillstyle=none](-2.8,1.35)(3.3,2.7) -\end{pspicture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(60,-50) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{albe_mig/bc_00-1_red_00.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(5,-50) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{albe_mig/bc_00-1_red_01.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-55,-50) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{albe_mig/bc_00-1_red_02.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(12.5,-40) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{110_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(90,-45) -\includegraphics[height=0.9cm]{001_arrow.eps} -\end{picture}\\ -\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(0,0) -\psframe[linecolor=blue,fillstyle=none](-2.8,0)(3.3,1.6) -\end{pspicture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(60,-15) -\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{albe_mig/bc_00-1_01.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(35,-15) -\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{albe_mig/bc_00-1_02.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-5,-15) -\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{albe_mig/bc_00-1_03.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-55,-15) -\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{albe_mig/bc_00-1_04.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(12.5,-5) -\includegraphics[width=1cm]{100_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(90,-15) -\includegraphics[height=0.9cm]{010_arrow.eps} -\end{picture} -\end{center} -\end{minipage} -}\\[0.1cm] +\vspace{0.3cm} -\begin{minipage}{5.9cm} -Erhart/Albe results +\begin{minipage}[t]{6.0cm} +{\bf\boldmath BC to \hkl[0 0 -1] transition}\\[0.2cm] +\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{bc_00-1_albe_s.ps}\\ \begin{itemize} - \item Lowest activation energy: $\approx$ 2.2 eV - \item 2.4 times higher than VASP + \item Lowermost migration barrier + \item $\Delta E \approx \unit[2.2]{eV}$ + \item 2.4 times higher than ab initio result \item Different pathway \end{itemize} \end{minipage} - -\end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}{6.5cm} - -\framebox{ -\begin{minipage}{5.9cm} -%\begin{flushright} -%\includegraphics[width=5.9cm]{00-1_0-10.ps}\\[0.75cm] -%\end{flushright} -%\begin{center} -%\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(0,0) -%\psframe[linecolor=red,fillstyle=none](-2.8,-0.25)(3.3,1.1) -%\end{pspicture} -%\begin{picture}(0,0)(60,-5) -%\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{albe_mig/00-1_0-10_red_00.eps} -%\end{picture} -%\begin{picture}(0,0)(0,-5) -%\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{albe_mig/00-1_0-10_red_min.eps} -%\end{picture} -%\begin{picture}(0,0)(-55,-5) -%\includegraphics[width=0.9cm]{albe_mig/00-1_0-10_red_03.eps} -%\end{picture} -%\begin{picture}(0,0)(12.5,5) -%\includegraphics[width=1cm]{100_arrow.eps} -%\end{picture} -%\begin{picture}(0,0)(90,0) -%\includegraphics[height=0.9cm]{001_arrow.eps} -%\end{picture} -%\end{center} -%\vspace{0.2cm} -%\end{minipage} -%}\\[0.2cm] -% -%\framebox{ -%\begin{minipage}{5.9cm} -\includegraphics[width=5.9cm]{00-1_110_0-10_mig_albe.ps} +\begin{minipage}[t]{0.2cm} +\hfill \end{minipage} -}\\[0.1cm] - -\begin{minipage}{5.9cm} -Transition involving \ci{} \hkl<1 1 0> +\begin{minipage}[t]{6.0cm} +{\bf\boldmath Transition involving a \hkl<1 1 0> configuration} +\vspace{0.1cm} \begin{itemize} \item Bond-centered configuration unstable\\ $\rightarrow$ \ci{} \hkl<1 1 0> dumbbell - \item Transition minima of path 2 \& 3\\ - $\rightarrow$ \ci{} \hkl<1 1 0> dumbbell - \item Activation energy: $\approx$ 2.2 eV \& 0.9 eV - \item 2.4 - 3.4 times higher than VASP - \item Rotation of dumbbell orientation + \item Minima of the \hkl[0 0 -1] to \hkl[0 -1 0] transition\\ + $\rightarrow$ \ci{} \hkl<1 1 0> DB \end{itemize} \vspace{0.1cm} +\includegraphics[width=6.0cm]{00-1_110_0-10_mig_albe.ps} +\begin{itemize} + \item $\Delta E \approx \unit[2.2]{eV} \text{ \& } \unit[0.9]{eV}$ + \item 2.4 -- 3.4 times higher than ab initio result + \item After all: Change of the DB orientation +\end{itemize} +\end{minipage} + +\vspace{0.5cm} \begin{center} -{\color{blue}Overestimated diffusion barrier} +{\color{red}\bf Drastically overestimated diffusion barrier} \end{center} -\end{minipage} -\end{minipage} +\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(0,0) +\psline[linewidth=0.05cm,linecolor=gray](6.1,1.0)(6.1,9.3) +\end{pspicture} \end{slide} +% continue here +\fi + \begin{slide} - {\large\bf\boldmath - Combinations with a C-Si \hkl<1 0 0>-type interstitial - } +\headphd +{\large\bf\boldmath + Defect combinations +} \small -\vspace*{0.1cm} - -Binding energy: -$ -E_{\text{b}}= -E_{\text{f}}^{\text{defect combination}}- -E_{\text{f}}^{\text{C \hkl<0 0 -1> dumbbell}}- -E_{\text{f}}^{\text{2nd defect}} -$ - -\vspace*{0.1cm} +\vspace{0.2cm} +\begin{minipage}{9cm} {\scriptsize +Combinations of an initially created \ci{} \hkl[0 0 -1] DB\\ \begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline $E_{\text{b}}$ [eV] & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & R\\ \hline - \hkl<0 0 -1> & {\color{red}-0.08} & -1.15 & {\color{red}-0.08} & 0.04 & -1.66 & -0.19\\ - \hkl<0 0 1> & 0.34 & 0.004 & -2.05 & 0.26 & -1.53 & -0.19\\ - \hkl<0 -1 0> & {\color{orange}-2.39} & -0.17 & {\color{green}-0.10} & {\color{blue}-0.27} & {\color{magenta}-1.88} & {\color{gray}-0.05}\\ - \hkl<0 1 0> & {\color{cyan}-2.25} & -1.90 & {\color{cyan}-2.25} & {\color{purple}-0.12} & {\color{violet}-1.38} & {\color{yellow}-0.06}\\ - \hkl<-1 0 0> & {\color{orange}-2.39} & -0.36 & {\color{cyan}-2.25} & {\color{purple}-0.12} & {\color{magenta}-1.88} & {\color{gray}-0.05}\\ - \hkl<1 0 0> & {\color{cyan}-2.25} & -2.16 & {\color{green}-0.10} & {\color{blue}-0.27} & {\color{violet}-1.38} & {\color{yellow}-0.06}\\ + \hkl[0 0 -1] & {\color{red}-0.08} & -1.15 & {\color{red}-0.08} & 0.04 & -1.66 & -0.19\\ + \hkl[0 0 1] & 0.34 & 0.004 & -2.05 & 0.26 & -1.53 & -0.19\\ + \hkl[0 -1 0] & {\color{orange}-2.39} & -0.17 & {\color{green}-0.10} & {\color{blue}-0.27} & {\color{magenta}-1.88} & {\color{gray}-0.05}\\ + \hkl[0 1 0] & {\color{cyan}-2.25} & -1.90 & {\color{cyan}-2.25} & {\color{purple}-0.12} & {\color{violet}-1.38} & {\color{yellow}-0.06}\\ + \hkl[-1 0 0] & {\color{orange}-2.39} & -0.36 & {\color{cyan}-2.25} & {\color{purple}-0.12} & {\color{magenta}-1.88} & {\color{gray}-0.05}\\ + \hkl[1 0 0] & {\color{cyan}-2.25} & -2.16 & {\color{green}-0.10} & {\color{blue}-0.27} & {\color{violet}-1.38} & {\color{yellow}-0.06}\\ \hline - C substitutional (C$_{\text{S}}$) & 0.26 & -0.51 & -0.93 & -0.15 & 0.49 & -0.05\\ - Vacancy & -5.39 ($\rightarrow$ C$_{\text{S}}$) & -0.59 & -3.14 & -0.54 & -0.50 & -0.31\\ + C$_{\text{sub}}$ & 0.26 & -0.51 & -0.93 & -0.15 & 0.49 & -0.05\\ + Vacancy & -5.39 ($\rightarrow$ C$_{\text{sub}}$) & -0.59 & -3.14 & -0.54 & -0.50 & -0.31\\ \hline \end{tabular} } +\end{minipage} +\begin{minipage}{3cm} +\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{comb_pos.eps} +\end{minipage} \vspace*{0.3cm} \footnotesize -\begin{minipage}[t]{3.8cm} -\underline{\hkl<1 0 0> at position 1}\\[0.1cm] -\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{00-1dc/2-25.eps} +\begin{minipage}[t]{3.2cm} +\underline{\hkl[1 0 0] at position 1}\\[0.1cm] +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{00-1dc/2-25.eps} \end{minipage} -\begin{minipage}[t]{3.5cm} -\underline{\hkl<0 -1 0> at position 1}\\[0.1cm] -\includegraphics[width=3.2cm]{00-1dc/2-39.eps} +\begin{minipage}[t]{3.2cm} +\underline{\hkl[0 -1 0] at position 1}\\[0.1cm] +\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{00-1dc/2-39.eps} \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}[t]{5.5cm} \begin{itemize} @@ -1943,12 +1644,12 @@ $ \end{itemize} \end{minipage} -\begin{picture}(0,0)(-295,-130) -\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{comb_pos.eps} -\end{picture} \end{slide} +\end{document} +\ifnum1=0 + \begin{slide} {\large\bf\boldmath