The following chapters cover the tools of the trade necessary for the MD simulation technique.
First a detailed overview of the available integration algorithms is given, including their advantages and disadvantages.
After that the interaction potentials and their accuracy for describing certain systems of elements are discussed.
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+In addition special techniques will be outlined which reduce the complexity of the MD algorithm, though the force/energy evaluation almost inevitably dictates the overall speed.
\subsection{Integration algorithms}
+
\subsection{Interaction potentials}
+The potential energy of $N$ interacting atoms can be written in the form
+\begin{equation}
+U(\{{\bf r}\}) = \sum_i U_1({\bf r}_i) + \sum_i \sum_{j>i} U_2({\bf r}_i,{\bf r}_j) + \sum_i \sum_{j>i} \sum_{k>j>i} U_3({\bf r}_i,{\bf r}_j,{\bf r}_k) \ldots
+\end{equation}
+where $U$ is the total potential energy.
+$U_1$ is a single particle potential describing external forces.
+This could for instance be the gravitational force or an electric field.
+$U_2$ is a two body pair potential which only depends on the distance $r_{ij}$ between the two atoms $i$ and $j$.
+
+$U_3$ is a three body potential which may have an additional angular dependence describing covalent bonds, plus higher order terms which are expected to be small and thus neglected.
+
\subsubsection{The Lennard-Jones potential}
The L-J potential is a realistic two body pair potential and is of the form