nlsop/poster/nlsop_ibmm2006.tex

   1 \documentclass[10pt]{scrartcl}
   2
   3 % howto ...
   4 %
   5 % resize to A0 (900 x 1100 mm) full poster size
   6 %        or A4 or Letter size
   7 %
   8 % resize factor:
   9 %        2*sqrt(2) = 2.828    (for A0)
  10 %        2         = 2.00     (for A1)
  11 %
  12 %
  13 % format definition:
  14 %
  15 % special format, scaled by 2.82 -> A0
  16 %
  17 \def\breite{390mm}
  18 \def\hoehe{319.2mm}
  19 \def\anzspalten{4}
  20 %
  21 % A3 landscape
  22 %
  23 %\def\breite{420mm}
  24 %\def\hoehe{297mm}
  25 %\def\anzspalten{4}
  26 %
  27 % A3 portrait
  28 %
  29 %\def\breite{297mm}
  30 %\def\hoehe{420mm}
  31 %\def\anzspalten{3}
  32 %
  33 % A4 portrait
  34 %
  35 %\def\breite{210mm}
  36 %\def\hoehe{297mm}
  37 %\def\anzspalten{2}
  38 %
  39 %
  40 %
  41 % scaling procedure:
  42 %   ./poster_resize poster.ps S
  43 %
  44 % european sizes:
  45 %   A3: 29.73 x 42.04 cm
  46 %   A1: 59.5 x 84.1 cm
  47 %   A0: 84.1 x 118.9 cm
  48 %
  49
  50 % packages:
  51 %
  52 \usepackage{palatino}
  53 \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
  54 \usepackage{epsf}
  55 \usepackage{graphicx,psfrag,color,pstricks,pst-grad}
  56 \graphicspath{{../img/}}
  57 \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
  58 \usepackage{latexsym}
  59 \usepackage{calc}
  60 \usepackage{multicol}
  61 \usepackage[german]{babel}
  62
  63 % numbers, lengths and boxes:
  64 %
  65 \newsavebox{\dummybox}
  66 \newsavebox{\spalten}
  67 %
  68 \newlength{\bgwidth}\newlength{\bgheight}
  69 \setlength\bgheight{\hoehe} \addtolength\bgheight{-1mm}
  70 \setlength\bgwidth{\breite} \addtolength\bgwidth{-1mm}
  71 %
  72 \newlength{\kastenwidth}
  73 %
  74 \setlength\paperheight{\hoehe}
  75 \setlength\paperwidth{\breite}
  76 \special{papersize=\breite,\hoehe}
  77 %
  78 \topmargin -1in
  79 \marginparsep0mm
  80 \marginparwidth0mm
  81 \headheight0mm
  82 \headsep0mm
  83 %
  84 \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-2.44cm}
  85 \addtolength{\topmargin}{-3mm}
  86 \textwidth\paperwidth
  87 \textheight\paperheight
  88 %
  89 \parindent0cm
  90 \parskip1.5ex plus0.5ex minus 0.5ex
  91 \pagestyle{empty}
  92 %
  93 \definecolor{recoilcolor}{rgb}{1,0,0}
  94 \definecolor{occolor}{rgb}{0,1,0}
  95 \definecolor{pink}{rgb}{0,1,1}
  96 %
  97 \def\UberStil{\normalfont\sffamily\bfseries\large}
  98 \def\UnterStil{\normalfont\sffamily\small}
  99 \def\LabelStil{\normalfont\sffamily\tiny}
 100 \def\LegStil{\normalfont\sffamily\tiny}
 101
 102 % commands:
 103 %
 104 \definecolor{JG}{rgb}{0.1,0.9,0.3}
 105 %
 106 \newenvironment{kasten}{%
 107         \begin{lrbox}{\dummybox}%
 108         \begin{minipage}{0.96\linewidth}}%
 109         {\end{minipage}%
 110         \end{lrbox}%
 111 \raisebox{-\depth}{\psshadowbox[framesep=1em]{\usebox{\dummybox}}}\\[0.5em]}
 112 %
 113 \newenvironment{spalte}{%
 114         \setlength\kastenwidth{1.2\textwidth}
 115         \divide\kastenwidth by \anzspalten
 116         \begin{minipage}[t]{\kastenwidth}}
 117         {\end{minipage}\hfill}
 118 %
 119 \renewcommand{\emph}[1]{{\color{red}\textbf{#1}}}
 120 %
 121 \def\op#1{\hat{#1}}
 122
 123 %
 124 % the document begins ...
 125 %
 126 \begin{document}
 127
 128 % background
 129 {\newrgbcolor{gradbegin}{0.1 0.1 0.1}%
 130  \newrgbcolor{gradend}{1 1 1}%
 131  \psframe[fillstyle=gradient,gradend=gradend,%
 132  gradbegin=gradbegin,gradmidpoint=0.5](\bgwidth,-\bgheight)%
 133 }
 134
 135 % header
 136 \vfill
 137 \hfill
 138 \psshadowbox{\makebox[0.95\textwidth]{%
 139         \hfill
 140         \parbox[c]{0.1\linewidth}{\includegraphics[height=4.5cm]{uni-logo.eps}}
 141         \parbox[c]{0.7\linewidth}{%
 142                 \begin{center}
 143                         \textbf{\Huge{Monte Carlo simulation study of a
 144                                       selforganization process\\
 145                                       leading to ordered precipitate structures}
 146                         }\\[0.7em]
 147                         \textsc{\LARGE \underline{F. Zirkelbach}, M. H"aberlen,
 148                                        J. K. N. Lindner, B. Stritzker
 149                         }\\[0.7em]
 150                         {\large Institut f"ur Physik, Universit"at Augsburg,
 151                          D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
 152                         }
 153                 \end{center}
 154         }
 155         \parbox[c]{0.1\linewidth}{%
 156                 \includegraphics[height=4.1cm]{Lehrstuhl-Logo.eps}
 157         }
 158         \hfill
 159 }}
 160 \hfill\mbox{}\\[1.cm]
 161
 162 %\vspace*{1.3cm}
 163
 164 % content, let's rock the columns
 165 \begin{lrbox}{\spalten}
 166         \parbox[t][\textheight]{1.3\textwidth}{%
 167                 \vspace*{0.2cm}
 168                 \hfill
 169 % first column
 170 \begin{spalte}
 171         \begin{kasten}
 172                 \begin{center}
 173                         {\large{\color{blue}\underline{ABSTRACT}}}
 174                 \end{center}
 175 High-dose ion implantation into solids usually leads to a disordered distribution of defects or precipitates with variable sizes.
 176 However materials exist for which high-dose ion irradiation at certain conditions results in periodically arranged, self-organized, nanometric amorphous inclusions.
 177 This has been observed for a number of ion/target combinations \cite{ommen,specht,ishimaru} which all have in common a largely reduced density of host atoms of the amorphous phase compared to the crystalline host lattice.
 178 A simple model explaining the phenomenon is introduced and realized in a Monte Carlo simulation code, which focuses on high dose carbon implantation into silicon.
 179 The simulation is able to reproduce the depth distribution observed by TEM and RBS.
 180 While first versions of the simulation \cite{me1,me2} just covered a limited depth region of the target in which the selforganization is observed, the new version of this simulation code presented here is able to model the whole depth region affected by the irradiation process, as can be seen in chapter 4.
 181 Based on simulation results a recipe is proposed for producing broad distributions of lamellar, ordered structures which, according to recent studies \cite{wong}, are the starting point for materials with high photoluminescence.
 182         \end{kasten}
 183
 184         \begin{kasten}
 185
 186         \section*{1\hspace{0.1cm}{\color{blue}Experimental observations}}
 187
 188                 \subsection*{1.1{\color{blue} Amorphous inclusions}}
 189                         \begin{center}
 190                                 \includegraphics[width=11cm]{k393abild1_e.eps}
 191                         \end{center}
 192                         Cross section TEM image:\\
 193                         $180 \, keV$ $C^+ \rightarrow Si$,
 194                         $T=150 \, ^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$,
 195                         Dose: $4.3 \times 10^{17} \, cm^{-2}$\\
 196                         black/white: crystalline/amorphous material\\
 197                         L: amorphous lamellae, S: spherical amorphous inclusions
 198
 199                 \subsection*{1.2{\color{blue} Carbon distribution}}
 200                         \begin{center}
 201                                 \includegraphics[width=11cm]{eftem.eps}
 202                         \end{center}
 203                         Brightfield TEM and respective EFTEM image:\\
 204                         $180 \, keV$ $C^+ \rightarrow Si$,
 205                         $T=200 \, ^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$,
 206                         Dose: $4.3 \times 10^{17} \, cm^{-2}$\\
 207                         yellow/blue: high/low concentrations of carbon
 208
 209         \end{kasten}
 210 \end{spalte}
 211 % second column
 212 \begin{spalte}
 213         \begin{kasten}
 214                 \section*{2\hspace{0.1cm}{\color{blue}Model}}
 215
 216                         \begin{center}
 217                                 \includegraphics[width=11cm]{modell_ng_e.eps}
 218                         \end{center}
 219                         \begin{itemize}
 220 \item supersaturation of $C$ in $c-Si$\\
 221       $\rightarrow$ {\bf carbon induced} nucleation of spherical
 222       $SiC_x$-precipitates
 223 \item high interfacial energy between $3C-SiC$ and $c-Si$\\
 224       $\rightarrow$ {\bf amourphous} precipitates
 225 \item $20 - 30\,\%$ lower silicon density of $a-SiC_x$ compared to $c-Si$\\
 226       $\rightarrow$ {\bf lateral strain} (black arrows)
 227 \item reduction of the carbon supersaturation in $c-Si$\\
 228       $\rightarrow$ {\bf carbon diffusion} into amorphous volumina
 229       (white arrows)
 230 \item lateral strain (vertical component relaxating)\\
 231       $\rightarrow$ {\bf strain induced} lateral amorphization
 232                         \end{itemize}
 233         \end{kasten}
 234
 235         \begin{kasten}
 236                 \section*{3\hspace{0.1cm}{\color{blue}Simulation}}
 237
 238                 \subsection*{3.1{\color{blue} Discretization of the target}}
 239                         \begin{center}
 240                                 \includegraphics[width=10cm]{gitter_e.eps}
 241                         \end{center}
 242
 243                 \subsection*{3.2 {\color{blue} Simulation algorithm}}
 244
 245                 \subsubsection*{3.2.1 Amorphization/Recrystallization}
 246                         \begin{itemize}
 247                                 \item random numbers according to the nuclear
 248                                       energy loss to determine the volume hit
 249                                       by an impinging ion
 250                                 \item compute local probability for
 251                                       amorphization:\\
 252 \[
 253  p_{c \rightarrow a}(\vec{r}) = {\color{green} p_b} + {\color{blue} p_c c_C(\vec{r})} + {\color{red} \sum_{\textrm{amorphous neighbours}} \frac{p_s c_C(\vec{r'})}{(r-r')^2}}
 254 \]
 255                                       and recrystallization:
 256 \[
 257  p_{a \rightarrow c}(\vec r) = (1 - p_{c \rightarrow a}(\vec r)) \Big(1 - \frac{\sum_{direct \, neighbours} \delta (\vec{r'})}{6} \Big) \, \textrm{,}
 258 \]
 259 \[
 260 \delta (\vec r) = \left\{
 261 \begin{array}{ll}
 262         1 & \textrm{volume at position $\vec r$ amorphous} \\
 263         0 & \textrm{otherwise} \\
 264 \end{array}
 265 \right.
 266 \]
 267                                 \item loop for the mean amount of hits by the
 268                                       ion
 269                         \end{itemize}
 270 Three contributions to the amorphization process controlled by:
 271 \begin{itemize}
 272         \item {\color{green} $p_b$} normal 'ballistic' amorphization
 273         \item {\color{blue} $p_c$} carbon induced amorphization
 274         \item {\color{red} $p_s$} stress enhanced amorphization
 275 \end{itemize}
 276         \end{kasten}
 277 \end{spalte}
 278 % third column
 279 \begin{spalte}
 280         \begin{kasten}
 281                 \subsubsection*{3.2.2 Carbon incorporation}
 282                         \begin{itemize}
 283                                 \item random numbers according to the
 284                                       implantation profile to determine the
 285                                       incorporation volume
 286                                 \item increase the amount of carbon atoms in
 287                                       that volume
 288                         \end{itemize}
 289                 \subsubsection*{3.2.3 Diffusion/Sputtering}
 290         \end{kasten}
 291
 292         \begin{kasten}
 293                 \section*{4 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{blue}Simulation results}}
 294                         \begin{center}
 295                                 foo
 296                         \end{center}
 297         \end{kasten}
 298         bar
 299         \vspace{0.5cm}
 300         foobar
 301 \end{spalte}
 302 % fourth column
 303 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 304     \begin{spalte}
 305       \begin{kasten}
 306         \section*{5 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{red}Fifth Section}}
 307              \begin{center}
 308              \includegraphics[width=10cm]{blank.ps}
 309              \end{center}
 310      \end{kasten}
 311
 312 \vspace{0.5cm}
 313       \begin{kasten}
 314          \section*{6 \hspace{0.1cm} {\color{red} \underline{Conclusions}}}
 315              \begin{itemize}
 316              \item
 317
 318              \item
 319
 320              \item
 321
 322              \item
 323
 324              \end{itemize}
 325       \end{kasten}
 326
 327 \vspace{0.5cm}
 328       \begin{kasten}
 329
 330            {\small
 331            \begin{thebibliography}{9}
 332            \bibitem{ommen} A. H. van Ommen,
 333                            Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 39 (1989) 194.
 334            \bibitem{specht} E. D. Specht, D. A. Walko, S. J. Zinkle,
 335                            Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 84 (2000) 390.
 336            \bibitem{ishimaru} M. Ishimaru,  R. M. Dickerson, K. E. Sickafus,
 337                               Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 166-167 (2000) 390.
 338         \bibitem{me1} F. Zirkelbach, M. H"aberlen, J. K. N. Lindner,
 339                       B. Stritzker,
 340                       Comp. Mater. Sci. 33 (2005) 310.
 341         \bibitem{me2} F. Zirkelbach, M. H"aberlen, J. K. N. Lindner,
 342                       B. Stritzker,
 343                       Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 242 (2006) 679.
 344            \bibitem{wong} Dihu Chen, Z. M. Liao, L. Wang, H. Z. Wang, Fuli Zhao,
 345                           W. Y. Cheung, S. P. Wong,
 346                           Opt. Mater. 23 (2003) 65. Opt. Mater. 23 (2003) 65.
 347            \end{thebibliography}
 348            }
 349    \end{kasten}
 350     \end{spalte}
 351     }
 352     \end{lrbox}
 353 \resizebox*{0.98\textwidth}{!}{%
 354   \usebox{\spalten}}\hfill\mbox{}\vfill
 355 \end{document}
 356
 357